Gen 21:8-21 (25:12-18)

All right, well, would you turn with me to Genesis chapter 21 tonight?

Genesis 21 · chapter mention

We're going to continue in our series looking at the life of Abraham this summer.

That's page 15 in the Pew Bible, if you're having trouble finding it.

Genesis chapter 21.

Genesis 21 · chapter mention

Tonight we're going to look at Genesis 21 verses 8 through verse 21.

Genesis 21:8

Genesis 21 verses 8 through 21.

Genesis 21:8–21

Great, let me go ahead and read this for us.

Then we'll pray and then we'll dive in.

Verse 8.

And the child, that's referring to Isaac.

And the child grew and was weaned.

And Abraham made a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned.

But Sarah saw the son of Hagar, the Egyptian, whom she had borne to Abraham, laughing.

So she said to Abraham, cast out this slave woman with her son.

For the son of this slave woman shall not be heir with my son Isaac.

And the thing was very displeasing to Abraham on account of his son.

But God said to Abraham, be not displeased because of the boy and because of your slave

woman.

Whatever Sarah says to you, do as she tells you.

For through Isaac shall your offspring be named.

And I will make a nation of the son of the slave woman also because he is your offspring.

So Abraham rose early in the morning and took bread and a skin of water and gave it to Hagar,

putting it on her shoulder, along with the child.

Then he sent her away.

And she departed and wandered in the wilderness of Beersheba.

When the water and the skin was gone, she put the child under one of the bushes.

And she went and sat down opposite him a good way off about the distance of a bow shot.

For she said, let me not look on the death of the child.

And as she sat opposite him, she lifted up her voice and wept.

And God heard the voice of the boy.

And the angel of God called to Hagar from heaven and said to her, what troubles you, Hagar?

Fear not, for God has heard the voice of the boy where he is.

Up, lift up the boy and hold him fast with your hand, for I will make him into a great nation.

And God opened her eyes and she saw a well of water.

And she went and filled the skin with water and gave the boy a drink.

God was with the boy and he grew up.

He lived in the wilderness and became an expert with the bow.

He lived in the wilderness of Paran.

And his mother took a wife for him from the land of Egypt.

Good.

Let's pray together.

Father, we are grateful for your word.

God, we thank you for this saga of Abraham that we've been studying this summer.

And all that it's been teaching us about your character and your ways in the life of faith.

Lord Jesus, we pray that you would continue by your spirit to teach us as your church how to live and to walk in the steps of Abraham.

Our forefather in the faith.

We pray this in your name, Lord.

Amen.

Amen.

Amen.

Well, as we mentioned, the thing that we're considering this summer in the life of Abraham is a theme of trusting God.

What does it mean to trust God?

And I think one of the main things we've been seeing over and over again this summer is that trusting God is really more about God than about us.

Trusting God is a lot about seeing that God himself is trustworthy.

In other words, the life of faith is really about seeing the God who is faithful.

And tonight, we really see that same theme advanced.

God's own trustworthiness, God's own faithfulness is displayed in this text.

And I think there are two things happening in this story from Abraham's life that I want to look at tonight.

First, we see that God is preserving here his saving promise.

God's preserving his saving promise.

And second, we see that God is providing for the outcast.

So God's preserving his promise and he's providing for the outcast.

So let's look at both of those things in turn as we kind of dive into this section of Scripture together.

So first, let's look at God preserving his promise.

Look at verse 8.

In verse 8, we learn that Abraham makes a great feast when Isaac, his son, probably two or three years old at this point, is weaned.

So he's no longer utterly and completely and totally dependent on his mom.

He's sort of hitting that first sort of stage of growth and development.

And they throw a big party.

Now, Isaac, you'll remember, was the only son of Sarah and Abraham, born to them in their old age.

So this must have been a really special day for them.

And here was Isaac making it out of infancy.

He was, you know, a lot of children died in infancy in those days.

So they threw a great feast.

It must have been a really special day for them.

But then in verse 9, if you look at verse 9, Sarah sees Ishmael laughing.

Okay, now Ishmael.

Ishmael, remember, is the son that Abraham had with Hagar, Sarah's Egyptian servant.

And that happened back in chapter 16.

And you think, well, that's kind of a weird thing.

Well, actually, it was Sarah's idea.

And Abraham went along with it.

So you'll remember, since Sarah and Abraham weren't getting pregnant, Sarah gave Hagar to Abraham kind of as a surrogate so that they might try to have a male child in that way.

So that they could, you know, Sarah was saying, well, maybe we could have a child through my servant.

And Ishmael now, fast forward back to chapter 21, is about 16 or 17 years old.

He's actually a child, yes, but he's a teenager.

He's almost on the brink of adulthood.

And at this great feast for Isaac, his younger half-brother, Sarah sees him, sees Ishmael laughing.

And if you look in your Bible, if you have an ESV anyway, if you have the ESV translation, the footnote tells us that the sense of that word laughing is most likely that Ishmael was laughing in mockery.

He was sort of making fun of Isaac and sort of ridiculing the whole situation.

Now, we're not given any details here in this chapter as to what Ishmael was actually ridiculing.

But I think it's probably safe to say, I think it's a pretty good hypothesis that Ishmael was probably making fun of Isaac's role as Abraham's promised son.

Think about it this way.

For the past 16 or 17 years, as we said, for most of Ishmael's life, he has been the only son of Abraham.

And in the ancient world, the oldest son was the heir.

The oldest son was the one who was going to inherit his father's wealth and his father's position and status.

Ishmael had even been circumcised in chapter 17 when God commanded Abraham to be circumcised along with his whole family as a sign of God's gracious covenant with them.

And now, on the scene arrives Isaac, a little baby born to elderly Sarah.

And Ishmael had been the king of the castle for the past 16 years.

And so, all the hoopla over Isaac gets nothing from Ishmael but laughter and mockery.

Surely, this little baby isn't going to take my place in the household, right?

As the oldest son, as the heir.

No way.

And Sarah sees him mocking.

And in verse 10, if you look at verse 10, she tells Abraham,

Cast out this slave woman with her son.

For the son of the slave woman shall not be heir with my son, Isaac.

Ishmael crossed mama bear, right?

And she turns.

Now, okay, as we read those words, perhaps our first reaction to Sarah is that she's being a little vindictive, a little overprotective.

Okay.

Yes, there's probably a little unrighteous anger and jealousy here on Sarah's part.

But she actually also sees what's at stake here.

Look again.

The word heir.

Who will be Abraham's heir?

Will it be Ishmael or will it be Isaac?

And even Abraham himself is emotionally torn over that question.

Look at verse 11.

And the thing was very displeasing to Abraham on account of his son, on account of his son Ishmael there.

Ishmael's Abraham's son.

This is his boy for the past 16 to 17 years.

You know, this was the one he took to the office with him on like, bring your son to work day.

You know, this was the one he had groomed and built into.

This is the one he even circumcised.

He's part of the family.

Abraham's own heart was perhaps a little unclear about how to figure things out between Ishmael and between Isaac.

And yet God comes to Abraham.

Verse 12.

You see, God had been very clear from the very beginning of his dealings with Abraham.

That the covenant, the agreement, the pact, the unbreakable promise that God had made with Abraham to make him a great nation.

And to give him a land where that great people could dwell.

And to bless all nations through him.

That that promise, that saving promise ultimately for the world was going to advance through Isaac.

It was going to advance through the son that God had miraculously given to him and Sarah in their old age when they were past the years of childbearing.

It was going to come through the son who could only come through God's own promise and God's own doing.

We see that in chapter 17.

If you turn back a page, if you want to look there, starting in verse 15.

In this sort of critical moment in Abraham's life, starting in verse 15, God reaffirms his promise that yes, Sarah, even in her old age, will bear a son.

And that son will be the heir of the covenant.

He'll be the one through whom the promises go forward.

And even then, Abraham struggles with it.

He believes God.

He trusts him.

And yet he's struggling.

He's struggling with it on behalf of Ishmael in 17, 18.

Look at that.

Abraham said to God, oh, then Ishmael might live before you.

In other words, God, why not just use my son Ishmael to carry forward your saving promises?

But God says no.

But Sarah, your wife, shall bear you a son and you shall call his name Isaac.

I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his offspring after him.

Or again, as God reaffirms back here in chapter 21 in our text for tonight, through Isaac shall your offspring be named.

And so God tells Abraham to do what Sarah says.

Make sure, Abraham, that the priority of Isaac, even though he's not the oldest in your household, he's going to be the heir.

He's going to be the one through whom my promise goes.

I want you to make sure you preserve that and protect that.

So God tells Abraham to do what Sarah says, to send Ishmael and Hagar away.

And you know, as we said, Sarah's motivations probably were not pure.

There was probably some selfishness or maybe even some pettiness in her demand.

But God saw that it was for the best.

God saw that it was for the best that Ishmael not remain in Abraham's household

because it would have made it too difficult for Isaac to be seen as the proper heir of the promise.

Okay, now what does this have to do with us today?

Why was God willing to do such a thing?

This seems kind of strange, right?

Well, if we jump ahead to the New Testament, it helps to shed some light here on what's kind of going on

and why this is so important.

You know, it's not only important that Isaac's status be preserved

because through him the Messiah was going to come.

You know, God had an eternal plan to bring Jesus

and it was going to happen through this long and winding road

of the family that he created and the family that he chose.

So it was important at this stage in redemptive history

that Abraham get clear about where that seed was going to come.

It was going to come through Isaac.

But in addition to that,

the New Testament shows us that there's also an important spiritual lesson going on here.

There's an important spiritual lesson to be seen in the difference between Isaac and Ishmael.

In Romans chapter 9, the Apostle Paul looks back to this story in Genesis chapter 21.

Romans 9 · chapter mention Genesis 21 · chapter mention

And this is what he says, sort of unpacking this for us.

He says,

Not all people are children of Abraham just because they're his offspring.

But through Isaac shall your offspring be named.

Paul's quoting there this section from Genesis.

And this means, Paul goes on to explain,

that it's not the children of the flesh who are the children of God,

but the children of the promise who are counted as offspring.

Okay, let me try to bring this home for us today.

Here's the question for us today.

How do you and I get into the family of God?

How do you and I become God's children

and receive God's blessing of knowing him as our father?

Is it because we're born into a so-called Christian family?

Is it because we're born into a society,

into a nation that's maybe made up of a large number of Christians?

Is that what makes us children of God?

Is that how we get into God's family?

Through our physical descent?

Through the place we're born?

That's basically what I thought when I was growing up.

I remember the first time my family really started going to church in earnest.

And it was a church where they would do an altar call every Sunday.

Now, if you've only come to Trinity,

you have no idea what an altar call is because we never do them.

But this is what it looks like.

It looks like at the end of a sermon,

the pastor will say,

okay, let's have every head bowed and every eyes closed.

And we would all bow our heads and close our eyes.

And then the pastor would ask some really important questions

while we were sort of meditating there in that moment.

Okay, if you think you're a Christian, raise your hand.

Okay, so there I am, young person.

And I thought, well, yeah, I'm a Christian.

What else am I?

I'm not Jewish.

So, of course, I'm a Christian.

What else would I be?

My parents say that they're Christian,

so I must be one too.

Up goes my hand.

But friends, that's not how we become children of God.

It's not because our parents are believers.

It's not through natural means at all, actually.

You see, when Abraham and Sarah couldn't have a child,

what they did was they produced a child through natural means, right?

They found a young woman, still of childbearing age, Hagar, Sarah's servant,

and Abraham produced a son through very natural human effort.

He made it happen.

But Ishmael, the son born by human effort, by human means,

wasn't going to be the one who carried forward God's saving plan.

It was going to be the son that God brought about through his promise and through his work,

the one named Isaac.

And you see, it's a bit of a parable for today.

The only way into God's family,

the only way to become an heir of God's kingdom

isn't through our human effort, isn't through our own work,

it's through God's work, and it's through God's promise,

and it's through God's means,

and it's by trusting what he's done.

Not Ishmael, not works,

not the family you come from,

not the country you were born in,

but Isaac, faith in God's promise.

And as we know from the New Testament,

the promise ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ,

who came and lived a perfectly righteous life in our place,

who came and died a sin-bearing death for us

as our substitute in our place,

so that everyone who trusts in him,

regardless of your family background,

or your nationality, or where you come from,

could be counted righteous

and be made part of Abraham's spiritual family,

who could be brought into the family of God through faith.

Through the promise,

through the work of the Spirit.

So here in Genesis 21,

the text we're looking at tonight,

God is making sure that that reality

is preserved crystal clear.

God is saying at this important moment

in redemptive history,

I am going to make a point

that will be remembered forever,

that getting into my family

is by faith and not work,

and it's by promise,

not by human effort,

and not by natural means.

So how about you, friends?

As you think about it tonight,

on what basis are you thinking

God ought to accept you into his family?

If you were to be really honest with yourself tonight,

if I were to say every head bowed

and every eyes closed,

why should God accept you into his family?

What would you say?

What would be your answer to that?

Friends, there's only one right answer to that.

And the right answer is

because I've put my trust

in God's promise fulfilled in Jesus.

It's not your family.

It's not how long you've been coming to church.

I mean, think about it.

Ishmael had been the oldest son for 16 years.

He'd put in a lot of time in the family

as the oldest son,

but that didn't make him the heir

in God's economy.

You might have been attending church

for twice that long.

You know, Isaac or Ishmael was 16.

Maybe you've been coming to church

for over 30 years.

But no amount of church attendance

or ministry service or good work

is going to make you a son or daughter of God.

It doesn't work that way

because all of your service,

all of your things,

it could never make you good enough

to enter into God's family.

There's only one thing

that will bring you in

and that's trusting

in what God has done for you

personally in Jesus.

trusting that he took your sin

and trusting that he's given you

his righteousness

so that you can be forgiven

and so that you can be adopted

as a child of God

apart from your performance,

apart from your pedigree,

apart from your past

so that you can come in by grace

because of what he's done.

I don't know about you,

but that's really, really good news.

That God doesn't look at you

and say,

okay, you want to be a part of my family?

What's your family?

Where do you come from?

What side of the tracks are you from?

Show me your resume

if you want to get this job.

No.

He says,

here's how you come into my family.

See my one and only son

and what he's done for you.

Take hold of him

and you'll be mine forever

and you're in.

That's it.

Regardless of where you're from,

regardless of what you've done.

That's good news.

And it's good news

that even way back in Genesis

at the very start

of God's redemptive plan,

he made it clear

that his promise

was going to come through.

His salvation

was going to come through promise

and it was going to come through grace

and it was going to come through

his works

and not ours.

So that's what's going on

in the first part

of our text tonight.

But you know,

we still have to ask,

don't we,

as we sort of finish part one,

what about Ishmael after all?

I mean,

what happens to him?

If this,

you know,

text is first about

God's preserving

his saving promise,

well,

what else are we supposed

to make of it?

Well,

the second great thing

we see in this text

is that we also see here

that God provides

for the outcast.

Now,

in order to really feel

the weight

of what's happening here

and the rest of Genesis chapter 21,

Genesis 21 · chapter mention

really from verses,

you know,

14 and following,

you've got to realize,

you've got to feel the weight

that God really owes

nothing to Ishmael

and God owes nothing

to Hagar

and in reality,

God owes nothing

to Abraham.

Ishmael,

after all,

was born

out of a foolish

and sinful plot

of Sarah

and Abraham

to try to do things

their own way.

and yet,

though God really does

owe them nothing,

still,

what do we see?

How does God respond

to Abraham and Sarah's

foolish plan

and to this son

that they've produced?

Does he utterly reject

Ishmael

and cast him off

and say,

he was a screw-up,

I don't want him

in my family?

No.

Look at verse 13.

God still speaking

to Abraham says,

yes,

through Isaac

shall your offspring

be named.

That's how my sort

of covenant-saving promises

are going to come

to the world,

but I will make a nation

of the son

of the slave woman also

because he's your offspring.

I'm still going to

show him favor.

God assures Abraham

that he,

God,

will continue

to be merciful

to Ishmael

and not abandon him.

And what happens

in the rest

of our text tonight?

Abraham gives Hagar

and Ishmael

some food and water,

sends them out

into the wilderness,

and when Hagar

thinks all is lost,

she sort of puts

her teenage son

under a bush

to die,

goes a sort of

bow shot away,

cries out to God

thinking that all

is lost,

what happens?

God shows up again.

God shows up again

for Hagar.

It's the second time

this has happened

in her life.

God shows up

and he hears.

And God,

very interestingly,

God hears

not just Hagar's cry,

look again at verse 17,

and God heard

the voice of the boy.

God hears

not just Hagar,

but Ishmael too.

God hears

the despairing cry

of the one

who laughed

in mockery

at God's promised heir.

the one

who laughed

and ridiculed

the heir

of the promise.

God still

in mercy

comes to him

and hears him.

Now,

there's some artistry

going on here

in the Hebrew text

of Genesis

because the name Isaac

literally means laughter,

and the name Ishmael

means God hears.

In the Old Testament world,

names often sort of

carried lots and lots

of meanings.

Isaac means laughter,

Ishmael means God hears.

So,

you see what the text

is saying?

It's saying Ishmael,

the one who laughed

in mockery

at the one

whose name means laughter

while God still

in mercy hears

the one whose name

means God hears.

God hears

the cry for help.

And then he opens

Hagar's eyes

to see a well

of water nearby,

and he rescues

both of them,

both Hagar

and her son.

And,

as God promised,

he makes Ishmael

into a great nation.

If you follow

the story of Genesis

a little further,

you see that

the author of Genesis

lists Ishmael's descendants

and a great company

of people

come from Ishmael.

You see,

when Ishmael

was thrown out

because of his contempt

for Isaac,

when Ishmael

was made an outcast

because he mocked

God's plan,

God still met him

in the wilderness.

He met him in mercy

and showed him favor.

Now, friends,

if that isn't a picture

of the good news

of the story of the Bible,

I don't know what is.

Because when we were cast out

because of our contempt

at God,

God comes out

into our wilderness,

and God opens

our eyes

to living water,

and God keeps

his promises

to us as people.

Zephaniah 3.19.

Zephaniah is an

Old Testament prophet

who prophesied,

who came with God's message

to God's people

much later in the history

of Israel,

but in chapter 3.19,

God says this

through the prophet Zephaniah.

He says,

I will save the lame,

and I will gather

the outcast,

and I will change

their shame

into praise

and renown

in all the earth.

Friends,

that's the God

of the Bible.

That is the one true God,

the God who has revealed

himself fully

in Jesus Christ.

This is a God

who doesn't ignore

our sin,

he doesn't excuse

our sin,

but through his own son

and through the cross,

he forgives our sin

and rescues us.

Now, maybe tonight

you kind of feel

like an outcast.

Maybe through

your own actions,

something you've done,

or maybe through

the actions of another,

something that someone's

done against you.

Maybe you feel like

you don't belong.

Maybe you feel like

you don't deserve

to belong.

Maybe you feel like

Ishmael languishing

under a tree

in the wilderness.

Maybe you feel like

Hagar,

far away,

crying out to God,

we're lost.

But brothers,

sisters,

know tonight

that God hears.

God hears

your cry

and know

that God

has already

come out

into the wilderness.

God has gone out

into the far country.

Jesus Christ

came and said,

I've come to seek

and to save

the lost.

He's come

all the way out

into our wilderness

to bring the outcasts home.

So the question is,

will you come home?

Will you receive Him?

The one who promises

to never leave you

or forsake you.

The one who promises

to be with you

even to the end

of the age.

The one who said,

come to me

and I'll give you

living water to drink.

Not a well

in the middle

of the wilderness,

but a spring

that will cause water

even within you

to flow up.

The one who said,

come to me

and I'll give you

the right to be called

a son,

a daughter of God.

And so then

as we wrap up,

you see that the two

halves of this chapter

actually fit together.

God preserves His promise

so that He will

ultimately provide

and protect

and care for the outcast.

Friends,

God is faithful

and God is trustworthy

and we can trust Him

and we can live

a life of faith in Him.

He's a God

who preserves

and protects

and keeps His promise

and He's come

for the outcast.

Let's pray.

Father,

we are grateful

that You are

a merciful God

and You keep

Your promises.

Lord,

You're a God

of grace.

Father,

I pray for

my friends

who are with me

here tonight.

Lord,

that if there are

any here

who have not

turned to You,

Lord Jesus,

and received You

as the living Son

of God

who was crucified

and raised again

for them

and for their sins.

Lord,

I pray

that tonight

they would step

over the line

of faith

and put their trust

in You,

surrender their lives

to You,

and know

that it's not

their pedigree

and it's not

their performance,

but it's You,

Lord Jesus,

that makes them

an accepted

and a loved

child of God.

Lord,

for those of us

here tonight

who understand

this and have

grasped this

by the grace

of Your Spirit,

help us to live

out this great

reality

that You've loved

us and You've

accepted us

apart from our works

in Christ our Savior.

We pray this

in His name,

Father.

Amen.