Sermon
Mark 12:18-27
Publisher transcript
Transcript
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We continue our verse-by-verse exposition through the Gospel according to Mark.
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! We find ourselves in the last week of Jesus' earthly ministry.
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! This is the week most often called Passion Week.
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!
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He leaves, comes back, cleanses the temple.
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And now he's back in the temple.
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He's established some authority in this place.
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And he's now being questioned.
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The Sadducees, the Pharisees, etc. are coming to him
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and wondering how it is that he has this authority.
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And they're now beginning to work on discrediting him.
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As we come to this text, I was really thankful this morning
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to hear the song on Jordan's stormy banks.
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As we live in this life, a life full of trouble,
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and we stand on the banks, so to speak, metaphorically of the Jordan,
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looking to the promise of God in Christ.
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I feel that way a bit in our text together.
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I want to rush to the great work of Jesus on our behalf on the cross
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and then his resurrection.
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It's going to take us some months to get to that point.
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And I feel in my own soul kind of attention for this
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as we preach through it.
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The last couple of weeks, we've been in Wednesday of Passion Week
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and we'll be there a bit longer still.
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I hope that you feel that way this morning.
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We've now experienced the redemptive work of Christ on our behalf.
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He has accomplished this thing, this great climax of redemptive history.
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And we're waiting for the next great event in redemptive history.
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And that is his return where he's brought in the kingdom of God.
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He's now going to bring it to a full culmination one day.
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And there should be a longing in our hearts for such a thing to come to pass.
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But in the midst of that, we come to these small stories.
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These, at first glance, maybe even insignificant stories
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in light of the thing that's going to happen in just a few days
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in the life of Christ, which has such a massive effect
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on the world and on us as well.
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But it's important that we pause
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and we take a careful look at these things.
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We saw last week in verses 13 through 17
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an interaction that he has with the Pharisees and the Herodians
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with a religious group and a political group.
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They've come together and they worked a question in such a way
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they believed it was so incredibly brilliant
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that they would trap him with both this political and theological question.
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And today we're going to see the Sadducees,
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another group, another religious group,
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and they're going to take a turn and take a stab
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at discrediting Jesus Christ.
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So I'm going to read to you in Mark 12, beginning in verse 18.
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So follow along as I read.
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And Sadducees came to him who say that there is no resurrection.
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And they asked him a question, saying,
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Teacher, Moses wrote for us that if a man's brother dies
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and leaves a wife, but leaves no child,
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the man must take the widow and raise up offspring for his brother.
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There were seven brothers.
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The first took a wife and when he died left no offspring.
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And the second took her and died, leaving no offspring.
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And the third likewise.
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And the seven left no offspring.
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Last of all, the woman also died.
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In the resurrection, when they rise again,
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whose wife will she be?
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For the seven had her as wife.
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Jesus said to them,
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Is this not the reason you are wrong?
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Because you know neither the scriptures nor the power of God.
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For when they rise from the dead,
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they neither marry nor are given in marriage,
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but are like angels in heaven.
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And as for the dead being raised,
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have you not read in the book of Moses,
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in the passage about the bush,
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how God spoke to him, saying,
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I am the God of Abraham,
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and the God of Isaac,
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and the God of Jacob.
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He is not God of the dead,
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but of the living.
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You are quite wrong.
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This is God's word to us.
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It was written for his glory and our good.
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We would all do well to listen to it
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in order to believe its promises
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and obey its commands.
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Let's pray together.
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Father God,
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for the preaching of your gospel,
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who is sufficient for such a thing?
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Surely not I.
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And none of us are sufficient
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for the proper application of these words
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to our minds and our hearts.
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And so we would pray this morning,
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by your Spirit,
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that you would illuminate our minds and our hearts,
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that you would help us to rightly understand
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and rightly apply these words of truth.
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We recognize that your word is authoritative,
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that it is inerrant,
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that it is sufficient,
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that it has something to say to us in this day,
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and we expect that, Lord,
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for your name's sake.
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So use me as a vessel.
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Surely you can accomplish good things
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in my speaking.
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Work to the great end of your people
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looking more like Christ,
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proclaiming your name in greater
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and more radical ways
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to your glory.
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And we pray all this in Jesus' precious name.
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Amen.
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So we have this new group that comes to Jesus,
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a group that's not mentioned
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all that often in the Scriptures,
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and so we must first ask the question,
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who were these Sadducees?
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Who are they?
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They're not so much a religious party,
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an established religious party,
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but this is rather a label given them,
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a people with a particular
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Judaic theological viewpoint.
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Now, it contained within it
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a number of variances,
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a number of discrepancies
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between what they and the Pharisees believed,
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and in fact,
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we could spend the entire time together
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just talking about that,
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the things that they believed
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versus what the Pharisees believed.
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In fact, this text has a lot of things
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we could spend a lot of time on,
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and it doesn't it?
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The nature of resurrection,
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we could talk about angels
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and our relation to them,
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but we're going to focus primarily
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on this question and this challenge, right?
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The context is driving us to Friday,
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to Jesus' judgment,
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his death,
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and then his subsequent resurrection.
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So we're going to stay in that realm.
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So these Sadduceean views
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were espoused by most
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of the priestly families in this day,
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so that most of the ruling class,
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those in the temple,
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the Sanhedrin,
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the court that was held,
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most of them were Sadducees, right?
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This belief system was held
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by most of those in power, right?
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Now, in one sense,
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and you've heard me say this
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over and over again,
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they were liberals.
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The Pharisees tended to be
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the more fundamental,
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the more conservative in that regard,
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in their practice of the law,
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their strict adherence to the law.
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It was the Pharisees
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that had added to the law of God,
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the hedge laws.
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They had heaped upon the law of God
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extra laws to keep you from ever breaking.
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So you might break the hedge laws,
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but to ever keep from breaking
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the law of God,
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which of course they all did,
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and they just didn't recognize it.
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They were hypocrites,
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whitewashed tombs,
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very unaware of their inability
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to keep the law.
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The Sadducees were a bit more liberal
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in that case,
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a little less concerned
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about strict adherence to the law.
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But in another,
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they were very conservative,
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and that was that they did not
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accept oral tradition.
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In this day,
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there was something called
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oral tradition.
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It exists in some denominations today,
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which was a passing down of teaching.
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They would listen to the teachings
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of a rabbi,
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rabbinical teachings,
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and they would apply those teachings
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and understand the scriptures
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by them,
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in many cases,
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elevating them even to the degree
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of scripture.
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The Sadducees did not do this.
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They totally rejected
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the oral tradition,
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and they held just to the scriptures.
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Now,
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interestingly,
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they held almost exclusively
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to the Pentateuch,
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to the books of Moses,
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Genesis, Exodus,
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Levitas,
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Numbers,
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Deuteronomy.
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They highly elevated
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the writings of Moses.
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They didn't deny the rest
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of the Jewish scriptures,
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which we would have
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as our Old Testament.
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They didn't deny them
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as the word of God,
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but those were always
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subservient to the Pentateuch.
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So,
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if something was taught
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in the rest of our Old Testament
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and their scriptures of the day
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that they couldn't find proof for
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in the Pentateuch
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and the writings of Moses,
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they would disregard it altogether.
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And the resurrection
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is one of those cases,
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right?
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In fact,
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it was a rather major one
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in this day.
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This was a common theological debate
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that took place
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between the Sadducees
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and the Pharisees.
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It was something
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that was talked about often.
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Is there a resurrection?
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Is there an afterlife?
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It would seem,
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and it's my belief,
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that the Sadducees
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were what we would call
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annihilationists.
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They believed that
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at the end of your life,
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you died
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and nothing happened beyond.
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You just were gone.
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There was no eternal joy.
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There was no eternal punishment.
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You were simply gone.
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Now, the Old Testament
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does teach about resurrection,
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but in some of these,
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in their minds,
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lesser books,
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like in Isaiah 26, 19.
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Your dead shall live,
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their body shall rise.
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You who dwell in the dust,
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awake and sing for joy.
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For your dew is a dew of light,
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and the earth will give birth
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to the dead.
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Daniel 12, 2 also.
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Possibly, with some hindsight,
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knowing what we know now,
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you can look back at some other texts
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and see this idea of resurrection,
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although in their day
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it would have been challenging.
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For further study,
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Psalm 16, 9-11,
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Psalm 49, 15, 73, 23-26,
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Job 19, 25-26.
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There are some places
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that it's spoken of,
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but it wasn't so explicit
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in this case.
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So the only two explicit examples
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we have is Isaiah 26, 19
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and Daniel 12, 2.
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Now the Pharisees tried,
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although they failed,
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to make a case from the Pentateuch
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for the resurrection,
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and the Sadducees just
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were not convinced of this.
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Now Jesus believed in resurrection.
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Praise God.
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I'm really glad that He did.
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We see some examples of that
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in the Gospel of Mark already.
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So turn back a few chapters
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to Mark 8, verse 31.
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Chapter 8, chapter 9, chapter 10,
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we see predictions
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of what's about to happen.
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He's teaching the disciples
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what's coming.
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We're headed on a journey.
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We're going towards Jerusalem.
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Let me tell you what's going to happen
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in this Passion Week.
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Verse 31 says,
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And He began to teach them
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that the Son of Man
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must suffer many things
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and be rejected by the elders
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and the chief priests
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and the scribes.
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Isn't that what's happening
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on this Wednesday
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in this interaction?
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And be killed.
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And after three days,
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rise again.
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Chapter 9, verse 31,
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For He was teaching His disciples,
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saying to them,
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The Son of Man is going to be delivered
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into the hands of men,
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and they will kill Him.
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And when He is killed,
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after three days,
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He will rise.
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Chapter 10, verse 33 and 34,
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See, we are going up to Jerusalem,
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and the Son of Man will be delivered
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over to the chief priests
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and the scribes,
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and they will condemn Him to death
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and deliver Him over to the Gentiles,
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and they will mock Him
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and spit on Him
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and flog Him
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and kill Him.
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And after three days,
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He will rise.
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This is the great hope
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and the suffering
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that Jesus was going to experience
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is that He would, in fact,
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one day,
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three days, in fact,
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after His death,
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rise again.
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Jesus certainly believed
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in raising from the dead
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as He had raised Lazarus
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from the dead.
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It's not recorded
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in the Gospel of Mark,
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but it is elsewhere
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that Lazarus
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had come back to life
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by the words of Jesus Christ.
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So, the Sadducees come to Him
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with this question
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knowing this of Him.
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They have placed Him
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in this category
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with the Pharisees,
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and they mean to humiliate Him
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by this question.
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Because this question,
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by their attempt,
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is a reductio ad absurdum,
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which is Latin for
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reduction to absurdity.
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They're essentially saying to Him,
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how can you possibly believe
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in such a thing
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as a resurrection from the dead?
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Let us give you this
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insane situation
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that makes it just seem
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that it would be impossible.
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It's not a genuine question.
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They're not coming to Him
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with teachable hearts,
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wanting to know
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from the Lord of Lords
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what the answer
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to this question is.
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They're coming to Him
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to trick Him,
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to humiliate Him,
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as He, they suppose,
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would not be able
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to give an answer
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to such a question.
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They obviously didn't know
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who they were talking to.
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So they set up
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this scenario for Him.
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You see in verse 19,
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they say,
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Teacher, Moses wrote for us.
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And they're quoting directly
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after this from Deuteronomy 25,
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5, and 6.
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Let me read that to you.
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If brothers dwell together,
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and one of them dies
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and has no son,
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the wife of the dead man
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shall not be married
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outside the family
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to a stranger.
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Her husband's brother
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shall go into her
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and take her as his wife
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and perform the duty
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of a husband's brother
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to her.
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And the first son
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who she bears
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shall succeed
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to the name
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of his dead brother
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that his name
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may not be blotted out
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of Israel.
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So this was a command,
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a way in which
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the brother's lineage
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was maintained
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that an unmarried brother
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living in the home
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would step into the role
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of the husband,
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would become the husband,
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and the first son
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would carry on
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the name of his brother.
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And there's some
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extreme examples
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and some severe punishments
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that go on beyond that
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you're welcome to read
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in Deuteronomy 25
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at a later time.
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So they set up
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a scenario for him
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where there are
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seven brothers
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living in a house together.
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The first one's married
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and they go through
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this process
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of death and remarriage
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and death and remarriage
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and death and remarriage
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and none of them have
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a child.
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There's never a child.
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There's never a child
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to carry on the posterity
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and they finally wrap
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all this up
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in the resurrection.
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So if this thing
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called resurrection is true,
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if it happens,
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if there's life after this,
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whose wife will she be?
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Oh, what are you going
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to do with that, Jesus?
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Whose wife is she going to be?
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She had seven husbands.
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What are we going to do?
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And Jesus answers
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in the great wisdom
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that he always does.
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Right?
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A double indictment.
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And you see that he says
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in verse 24,
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you are wrong.
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And at the end of verse 27,
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he says again,
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you are quite wrong
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because you know
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neither the scriptures
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nor the power
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of God.
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You do not know
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the scriptures.
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This would have been
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an incredible statement
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to say to these men
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in this day.
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These were the leaders.
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These were the guys
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that knew the scriptures.
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These were the guys
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in positions
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of religious authority.
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These are the guys
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that spent their days
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studying the scriptures.
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In fact,
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this particular group
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were the guys
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that said,
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we're not even going
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to listen to oral traditions.
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We're going to stay
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honed in on the scriptures.
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More than that,
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Moses is our great father.
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We're going to really,
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really apply ourselves
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to those books,
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to the Pentateuch,
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to those five.
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Right?
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This would have been
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shocking to them.
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You do not know
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the scriptures.
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They had no clear
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understanding
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of the scriptures at all.
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In fact,
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if they had,
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they would be leading Israel
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in a much different way.
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Jesus is going to continue
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to establish this for us
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and show us the way of God
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rather than the way
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of apostate Judaism.
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Right?
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Jews in this day,
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by and large,
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didn't follow the ways of God.
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They followed some set-up religion
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that they had formed.
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It had kind of come out
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of the law of God.
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But they had formulated it
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and thought that they were
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in right standing with Him
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because of the things
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that they did
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rather than the condition
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of their heart.
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Right?
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You do not know
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the scriptures.
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And this God
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that they claimed
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to worship,
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they apparently
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had no real understanding
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of His character
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because He also says
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nor the power of God,
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the God that can,
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in fact,
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raise someone
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from the dead.
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You don't understand
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either of these things.
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And we see so often
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it would seem
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with the Pharisees
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that they worshipped
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the right God
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wrongly.
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In the case of the Sadducees,
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it seems that they were
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worshipping the wrong God
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wrongly altogether.
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Jesus goes on
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to explain what He means.
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Verse 25,
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For when they rise
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from the dead,
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they neither marry
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nor are given in marriage
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but are like angels
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in heaven.
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Now here He's introducing
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some additional
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theological information
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to the scene of this day.
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I looked and looked.
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I thought for sure
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He had to have been
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quoting something
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in the Old Testament.
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Showing these men
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how they really
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should have known
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and really should have
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understood their Scriptures
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and known this.
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That there was no marriage
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after.
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There's not.
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That I could tell.
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Someone please tell me
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if I'm wrong about that
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later.
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Not at this moment.
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But He's introducing
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some new theological
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information to the scene.
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But we know now
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what marriage is for.
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What is marriage
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meant to do?
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Why marriage?
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Marriage.
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We find out from
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Ephesians chapter 5
Ephesians 5 chapter mention
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that marriage is
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prefigurative.
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It's a shadow.
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It's something meant
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to point to a greater thing.
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And that is our union
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with Christ.
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Imperfect people
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joining together
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to be made more perfect,
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to procreate.
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There are certainly
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some other,
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some subservient purposes
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for marriage.
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But the major purpose,
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the major reason
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that we are joined
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in union with one another
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is to show this picture
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of this relationship
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between Christ
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and the church.
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Let me read to you
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Ephesians 5
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beginning in verse 31.
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Therefore a man
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shall leave his father
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and mother
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and hold fast to his wife
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and the two
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shall become one flesh.
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This mystery is profound
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and I am saying
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that it refers
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to Christ
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and the church.
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We get to have
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a very clear understanding
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of this on this side.
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There's no need
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for marriage anymore
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once we're raised
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from the dead
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because we don't need
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it any longer.
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It's meant to be
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a picture,
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a snapshot
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of the real thing.
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Once we have
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the real thing,
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it's no longer
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necessary
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to be married.
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Now let's read
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a little bit more
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about resurrection.
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I mentioned
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Daniel 12, 2 to you.
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Let me read to you
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Daniel 12, 2
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and verse 3.
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And many of those
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who sleep
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in the dust of the earth
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shall awake,
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some to everlasting life
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and some to shame
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and everlasting contempt.
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And those who are wise
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shall shine
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like the brightness
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of the sky above.
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And those who turn
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many to righteousness
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like the stars
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forever and ever.
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So catch here
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the connection
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he's making
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as he's drawing
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this out for us.
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What marriage
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is meant for
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and that we are going
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to be like angels
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in heaven.
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From Daniel 12, 2 there,
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when we rise
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from the dead,
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we shall shine
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like the brightness
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of the sky above
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and those who turn
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many to righteousness
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like the stars
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forever and ever.
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And in the Old Testament
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when brightness
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is talked about,
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it's speaking of,
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it's referring to,
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it's referencing
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the glory of God.
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So when we rise,
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we'll be made perfect
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and glorify God
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forever.
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This is how we will be
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like the angels
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in heaven.
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The angels in heaven
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versus the angels
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not in heaven,
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those who were
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cast down,
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which are actually
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mentioned as stars,
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a third of the stars
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being cast down
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out of heaven.
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But the angels
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in heaven
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worship God
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perfectly forever.
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And this will be
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us.
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Nehemiah 9, 6
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says,
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You are the Lord,
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you alone.
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This is Israel's
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prayer of repentance
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found right in the
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middle of it.
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You have made heaven
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the heavens of heaven
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with all their host,
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the earth and all
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that is on it,
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the seas and all
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that is in them.
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And you preserve
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all of them
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and the host of heaven
-
worships you,
-
the angels in heaven
-
forever and ever
-
and ever.
-
So there's this new
-
theological information
-
introduced to the scene
-
to help us better
-
understand.
-
And Jesus is saying
-
to them,
-
you don't understand
-
the scriptures
-
and you don't know
-
the power of God
-
for resurrection.
-
He more explicitly
-
addresses it
-
and brilliantly
-
now uses
-
their very text
-
to make his points.
-
And so now he quotes
-
from the Pentateuch.
-
And as for the dead
-
being raised,
-
have you not read
-
in the book of Moses
-
in the passage
-
about the bush
-
how God spoke to him
-
saying,
-
this is from Exodus
Exodus 3 chapter mention
-
chapter 3,
-
I am the God of Abraham
-
and the God of Isaac
-
and the God of Jacob.
-
Verse 27,
-
He is not God of the dead
-
but of the living.
-
You see,
-
as God is saying this
-
to Moses,
-
He's saying,
-
I am and they are.
-
I'm not worshipped
-
by corpses.
-
I am God.
-
I am the God of Abraham.
-
Abraham worships me.
-
Abraham lives
-
and he worships me.
-
I am the God of Isaac.
-
Isaac lives
-
and he worships me.
-
And I am the God of Jacob
-
who lives
-
and he worships me.
-
I am and they are.
-
Not that they were
-
but that they are.
-
So he is the God
-
not of the dead
-
but of the living.
-
He totally deconstructs
-
their entire idea
-
of resurrection
-
and what that means now
-
for their lives.
-
Totally destroys it.
-
They come to humiliate him
-
and he flips it around
-
this double indictment
-
and humiliates them
-
in return.
-
So what do we gain
-
from a little story
-
like this?
-
A pericope.
-
I have learned
-
I was mispronouncing that
-
as of recent.
-
Not a pericope.
-
A pericope.
-
This little story.
-
What is the application?
-
What does it mean
-
for us today?
-
If the scriptures
-
were written
-
for this day
-
and for us
-
in this day
-
what does this story
-
mean for us?
-
Three things
-
I want to address.
-
Firstly
-
do not be
-
like the Sadducees.
-
Do not be
-
like the Sadducees.
-
Not knowing
-
your scriptures
-
or the power
-
of God.
-
We live in a very
-
scripture rich
-
environment.
-
I don't know
-
all of you in the room.
-
In fact we have a number
-
of guests with us today.
-
I don't know
-
if you have ever
-
placed believing faith
-
in Jesus Christ
-
but it is likely
-
it is most likely
-
that you have heard
-
the gospel.
-
That you have
-
had a copy
-
of the scriptures.
-
That you may have
-
actually read
-
the scriptures
-
themselves.
-
Don't be like
-
the Sadducees.
-
God himself
-
has spoken.
-
He has given us
-
a book
-
that we might
-
know him
-
and know the way
-
of holiness.
-
That we might
-
turn from sin
-
and pursue him.
-
Do not be
-
like the Sadducees.
-
Having some degree
-
of mental assent.
-
Some understanding
-
of it.
-
And not allowing
-
it to work
-
into your heart.
-
The Sadducees
-
misunderstood
-
the resurrection
-
altogether.
-
Christians understand
-
it.
-
We understand
-
it to be
-
true.
-
And in fact
-
if it's not true
-
as the Sadducees
-
believed
-
we are people
-
to be
-
most
-
pitied.
-
Paul says this
-
in 1 Corinthians
1 Corinthians 15 chapter mention
-
chapter 15
-
For if the dead
-
are not raised
-
not even Christ
-
has been raised.
-
The Sadducees
-
were right.
-
If the dead
-
aren't raised
-
not even Christ
-
has been raised.
-
And if Christ
-
has not been raised
-
your faith
-
is futile
-
and you are still
-
in your sins.
-
Then those also
-
who have fallen
-
asleep in Christ
-
have perished.
-
The Sadducees
-
were right.
-
They're gone.
-
If in Christ
-
we have hope
-
in this life
-
only
-
we are of all
-
people
-
most
-
to be pitied.
-
If our faith
-
only means
-
something for us
-
now in this life
-
and it does
-
certainly
-
but if that's
-
it for us
-
we are to be
-
pitied
-
as Christians
-
if the resurrection
-
is not true.
-
Don't be like
-
the Sadducees.
-
Place believing
-
faith in Christ.
-
Believe in the
-
resurrection.
-
Believe that
-
in Him
-
there is
-
life.
-
Secondly
-
if you have
-
been saved
-
if you have
-
placed
-
saving faith
-
in Christ
-
you have
-
been saved
-
by grace
-
alone
-
through faith
-
alone
-
do not
-
be like
-
the Sadducees.
-
If you are
-
a Christian
-
do not
-
be
-
like the
-
Sadducees.
-
I'm afraid
-
that we
-
live in a
-
biblically
-
illiterate
-
time.
-
Copies of
-
God's Word
-
everywhere.
-
I've got a
-
hard copy of it
-
here in front
-
of me.
-
I can
-
pull up
-
on my
-
iPad
-
every
-
single
-
translation
-
imaginable
-
in a
-
matter
-
of
-
moments.
-
I've
-
got so
-
many
-
tools
-
practical
-
tools
-
at my
-
fingertips.
-
So
-
much
-
is
-
access
-
to
-
us.
-
We have
-
so
-
much
-
of the
-
Word
-
of
-
God
-
but
-
it
-
seems
-
that
-
so
-
many
-
of
-
us
-
know
-
it
-
very
-
little.
-
Just
-
really
-
don't
-
understand
-
the
-
scriptures.
-
It's
-
a
-
travesty
-
as
-
Christians
-
that we
-
wouldn't
-
know
-
the
-
Word
-
of
-
God.
-
We're
-
a
-
people
-
of
-
the
-
Word.
-
We
-
came
-
to
-
saving
-
faith
-
by
-
the
-
Word
-
of
-
God
-
preached
-
to
-
us.
-
This
-
is
-
the
-
way
-
in which
-
God
-
has
-
chosen
-
to
-
communicate
-
to
-
us.
-
Why
-
would
-
we
-
not
-
pour
-
over
-
this?
-
Why
-
would
-
we
-
not
-
know
-
every
-
bit
-
of
-
it?
-
So
-
that
-
we
-
can
-
be
-
obedient
-
to
-
it.
-
It's
-
a
-
massive
-
travesty.
-
On
-
Facebook
-
the
-
other
-
day,
-
a
-
very
-
good
-
friend
-
of
-
mine
-
from
-
the
-
past
-
and
-
been
-
around
-
him
-
that
-
much
-
as
-
of
-
late
-
attends
-
one
-
of
-
the
-
monolithic
-
places
-
south
-
of
-
us
-
wrote
-
a
-
little
-
thing
-
he
-
realized
-
and
-
learned
-
about
-
prayer
-
and
-
I
-
was
-
glad
-
that
-
he
-
did
-
I
-
praised
-
God
-
for
-
the
-
fact
-
that
-
he
-
realized
-
the
-
fact
-
that
-
he
-
came
-
to
-
some
-
understanding
-
of
-
what
-
prayer
-
is
-
and
-
what
-
it
-
does
-
in
-
the
-
life
-
of
-
a
-
Christian
-
glad
-
that
-
he
-
had
-
but
-
this
-
young
-
guy
-
had
-
grown
-
up
-
in
-
the
-
church
-
this
-
young
-
guy
-
volunteers
-
to
-
a
-
high
-
degree
-
in
-
the
-
place
-
that
-
he
-
currently
-
attends
-
and
-
had
-
totally
-
missed
-
it
-
had
-
not
-
been
-
taught
-
these
-
things
-
at
-
all
-
and
-
it
-
just
-
saddened
-
me
-
for
-
the
-
state
-
of
-
the
-
church
-
that
-
a
-
Christian
-
of
-
his
-
age
-
as
-
long
-
as
-
he
-
had
-
been
-
a
-
believer
-
was
-
just
-
now
-
understanding
-
how
-
it
-
was
-
that
-
prayer
-
works
-
in
-
the
-
life
-
of
-
a
-
Christian
-
just
-
made
-
me
-
sad
-
how
-
has
-
he
-
functioned
-
in
-
this
-
world
-
how
-
has
-
he
-
had
-
any
-
hope
-
at
-
all
-
that
-
God
-
hears
-
him
-
and
-
uses
-
his
-
prayers
-
to
-
accomplish
-
anything
-
whatsoever
-
I
-
don't
-
know
-
what
-
a
-
travesty
-
what
-
a
-
travesty
-
that
-
is
-
my
-
wife
-
was
-
at
-
a
-
yard
-
sale
-
yesterday
-
and
-
took
-
a
-
photo
-
of
-
a
-
little
-
knick
-
knack
-
you
-
know
-
older
-
people
-
like
-
knick
-
knacks
-
in
-
their
-
house
-
things
-
that
-
have
-
to
-
be
-
dusted
-
and
-
it
-
was
-
one
-
of
-
those
-
like
-
a
-
little
-
placard
-
thing
-
like
-
a
-
rock
-
that
-
had
-
words
-
engraved
-
into
-
it
-
and
-
said
-
this
-
God
-
could
-
not
-
be
-
everywhere
-
so
-
he
-
created
-
grandfathers
-
oh
-
that's
-
so sweet
-
right
-
it's
-
heresy
-
right
-
it's
-
absolute
-
heresy
-
this
-
is
-
not
-
a
-
thing
-
in
-
fact
-
in
-
retrospect
-
I
-
kind
-
of
-
wish
-
I
-
had
-
gotten
-
her
-
to
-
buy
-
it
-
so
-
we
-
could
-
have
-
gotten
-
away
-
from
-
anybody
-
else
-
and
-
destroyed
-
such
-
a
-
thing
-
God
-
could
-
not
-
be
-
everywhere
-
God
-
poor
-
little
-
God
-
little
-
pitiful
-
God
-
had
-
to
-
get
-
the
-
grandpas
-
to
-
help
-
him
-
out
-
in
-
this
-
thing
-
this
-
item
-
was
-
produced
-
and
-
it
-
was
-
sold
-
and
-
given
-
as
-
a
-
gift
-
and
-
hung
-
around
-
somebody
-
actually
-
had
-
this
-
thing
-
and
-
had
-
kept
-
this
-
thing
-
right
-
biblical
-
illiteracy
-
right
-
we live
-
in a
-
culture
-
of
-
consumption
-
we live
-
in a
-
day
-
and age
-
where we
-
just
-
want to
-
sit
-
back
-
and be
-
fed
-
information
-
just
-
give me
-
what I
-
need
-
to
-
know
-
just
-
tell
-
me
-
what
-
I
-
need
-
to
-
know
-
and
-
I'll
-
tell
-
you
-
right
-
now
-
beloved
-
Sunday
-
mornings
-
are
-
not
-
enough
-
for
-
you
-
know
-
God
-
and
-
know
-
him
-
by
-
his
-
word
-
it
-
is
-
not
-
enough
-
for
-
you
-
to
-
come
-
and
-
hear
-
a
-
sermon
-
on
-
Sunday
-
morning
-
as
-
much
-
as
-
I
-
like
-
to
-
pack
-
in
-
on
-
a
-
Sunday
-
morning
-
if
-
you
-
guys
-
would
-
permit
-
me
-
to
-
preach
-
for
-
hours
-
on
-
a
-
Sunday
-
morning
-
it
-
still
-
wouldn't
-
be
-
enough
-
for
-
me
-
to
-
give
-
to
-
you
-
everything
-
from
-
the
-
word
-
of
-
God
-
you
-
need
-
to
-
live
-
a
-
holy
-
life
-
you
-
need
-
it
-
daily
-
you
-
need
-
to
-
be
-
enriched
-
by
-
it
-
constantly
-
this
-
is
-
called
-
the
-
bread
-
of
-
life
-
right
-
feast
-
upon
-
it
-
right
-
you
-
need
-
to
-
be
-
taking
-
it
-
in
-
all
-
the
-
time
-
so
-
many
-
of
-
you
-
are
-
famished
-
because
-
you
-
have
-
a
-
meal
-
of
-
some
-
sort
-
I
-
hope
-
you're
-
even
-
paying
-
attention
-
and
-
taking
-
it
-
in
-
and
-
then
-
you
-
go
-
away
-
and
-
you
-
come
-
back
-
a
-
week
-
later
-
and
-
you
-
do
-
it
-
again
-
and
-
it's
-
not
-
having
-
any
-
real
-
effect
-
in
-
your
-
life
-
because
-
you're
-
!
-
you're
-
!
-
some
-
of
-
you
-
might
-
listen
-
to
-
some
-
supplemental
-
sermons
-
in
-
between
-
that's
-
not
-
enough
-
either
-
open
-
the
-
word
-
of
-
God
-
get
-
on
-
your
-
knees
-
and
-
ask
-
the
-
Lord
-
to
-
work
-
in
-
you
-
if
-
you're
-
a
-
Christian
-
you have
-
the
-
spirit
-
of
-
God
-
which
-
can
-
illuminate
-
the
-
scriptures
-
to
-
you
-
can
-
make
-
it
-
clear
-
to
-
you
-
it's
-
an
-
important
-
biblical
-
doctrine
-
the
-
clarity
-
of
-
scripture
-
you
-
can
-
understand
-
this
-
part
-
of
-
the
-
reason
-
that
-
I
-
out
-
loud
-
about
-
how
-
I
-
arrived
-
at
-
the
-
position
-
that
-
I
-
hold
-
is
-
because
-
I
-
want
-
you
-
to
-
see
-
that
-
it's
-
not
-
that
-
hard
-
I'm
-
not
-
brilliant
-
look
-
at
-
the
-
context
-
I go
-
isn't that
-
an interesting
-
statement
-
seems
-
confusing
-
at first
-
you hear
-
me say
-
things
-
like
-
that
-
because
-
I
-
know
-
that
-
happens
-
to
-
you
-
when
-
you
-
open
-
up
-
the
-
scriptures
-
you
-
go
-
what
-
in
-
the
-
world
-
I
-
do
-
it
-
all
-
the
-
time
-
often
-
the
-
things
-
many
-
times
-
but
-
I
-
never
-
had
-
to
-
preach
-
I
-
never
-
had
-
to
-
stand
-
up
-
with
-
any
-
authority
-
and
-
tell
-
you
-
what
-
it
-
means
-
and
-
I
-
just
-
honestly
-
can't
-
say
-
you
-
need
-
to be
-
doing
-
the
-
same
-
you
-
need
-
to be
-
constantly
-
in
-
the
-
Bible
-
consuming
-
it
-
2
-
Timothy
-
3
-
16
-
17
-
Paul
-
writes
-
all
-
scripture
-
is
-
breathed
-
out
-
by
-
God
-
and
-
profitable
-
it's
-
profitable
-
it's
-
good
-
for
-
us
-
for
-
teaching
-
for
-
reproof
-
for
-
correction
-
and
-
for
-
training
-
and
-
righteousness
-
that
-
the
-
man
-
of
-
God
-
or
-
woman
-
of
-
God
-
may
-
be
-
complete
-
equipped
-
for
-
every
-
good
-
work
-
if
-
you're
-
finding
-
that
-
there's
-
not
-
fruit
-
in
-
your
-
life
-
and
-
you
-
desire
-
that
-
you
-
want
-
to
-
see
-
God
-
use
-
your
-
efforts
-
in
-
this
-
world
-
you
-
need
-
to
-
be
-
equipped
-
by
-
the
-
word
-
of
-
God
-
to
-
that
-
great
-
end
-
be
-
equipped
-
for
-
every
-
good
-
work
-
it's
-
my
-
great
-
task
-
on
-
faithful
-
and
-
you
-
come
-
every
-
Sunday
-
that's
-
only
-
52
-
chances
-
I get
-
to do
-
that
-
it's
-
not
-
enough
-
and
-
most
-
of
-
you
-
don't
-
make
-
it
-
that
-
often
-
to
-
our
-
meetings
-
together
-
so
-
don't
-
be
-
like
-
the
-
Pharisees
-
as
-
a
-
Christian
-
know
-
the
-
scriptures
-
you
-
can
-
do
-
it
-
start
-
now
-
I'm
-
still
-
working
-
it
-
out
-
right
-
I'm
-
never
-
going
-
to
-
arrive
-
at
-
a
-
complete
-
understanding
-
of
-
them
-
but
-
you
-
can
-
begin
-
to
-
let
-
God
-
by
-
the
-
father
-
to
-
speak
-
to
-
people
-
in
-
terms
-
they
-
will
-
understand
-
it's
-
really
-
important
-
for us
-
to
-
remember
-
every
-
time
-
we
-
behold
-
the
-
brilliance
-
of
-
Jesus
-
Christ
-
that
-
it
-
was
-
ultimately
-
the
-
brilliance
-
of
-
God
-
Jesus
-
did
-
not
-
stop
-
being
-
God
-
when
-
he
-
came
-
to
-
earth
-
and
-
became
-
a
-
man
-
he
-
didn't
-
lay
-
aside
-
his
-
deity
-
he
-
was
-
still
-
fully
-
God
-
fully
-
man
-
but
-
he
-
submitted
-
!
-
And in
-
John
-
20
-
21
-
he
-
says
-
as
-
the
-
father
-
has
-
sent
-
me
-
even
-
so
-
I
-
am
-
sending
-
you
-
so
-
Jesus
-
as a
-
man
-
he
-
knew
-
his
-
scriptures
-
he
-
had
-
studied
-
his
-
scriptures
-
we
-
find
-
him
-
at
-
the
-
age
-
of
-
12
-
in
-
the
-
synagogue
-
teaching
-
the
-
teachers
-
of
-
the
-
synagogue
-
he
-
is
-
actually
-
telling
-
them
-
what
-
the
-
scriptures
-
mean
-
because
-
he
-
understood
-
them
-
we
-
can
-
do
-
this
-
we
-
can
-
gain
-
a
-
knowledge
-
of
-
the
-
scriptures
-
and
-
by
-
his
-
spirit
-
we
-
can
-
speak
-
we
-
can
-
submit
-
our
-
authority
-
to
-
his
-
authority
-
and
-
speak
-
well
-
to
-
people
-
and
-
we
-
have
-
to
-
understand
-
Jesus
-
was
-
a
-
master
-
of
-
this
-
and
-
we
-
should
-
take
-
example
-
from
-
him
-
he
-
understood
-
who
-
the
-
Sadducees
-
were
-
he
-
got
-
it
-
right
-
when
-
they
-
came
-
!
-
asking
-
!
-
the
-
question
-
that
-
they
-
quote
-
from
-
the
-
very
-
writings
-
that
-
they
-
esteemed
-
so
-
highly
-
to
-
make
-
his
-
point
-
and
-
we
-
should
-
do
-
the
-
same
-
doesn't
-
mean
-
that
-
we
-
become
-
these
-
master
-
tacticians
-
these
-
wonderful
-
orders
-
that we
-
study
-
and
-
study
-
and
-
we
-
pour
-
ourselves
-
into
-
apologetics
-
and
-
all
-
these
-
things
-
although
-
they
-
have
-
their
-
place
-
and
-
their
-
value
-
but
-
simply
-
that
-
we
-
empty
-
ourselves
-
or
-
fill
-
with
-
spirit
-
we
-
ask
-
that
-
he
-
would
-
work
-
through
-
us
-
ask
-
that
-
he
-
would
-
help
-
us
-
to
-
understand
-
people
-
and
-
where
-
they're
-
coming
-
from
-
their
-
viewpoints
-
so
-
that
-
we
-
can
-
speak
-
to
-
their
-
viewpoints
-
I
-
would
-
love
-
to
-
see
-
that
-
the
-
summation
-
of
-
this
-
story
-
is
-
that
-
all
-
the
-
Sadducees
-
that
-
came
-
to
-
him
-
realized
-
they're
-
wrong
-
repented
-
turned
-
to
-
him
-
that's
-
not
-
the
-
case
-
in
-
fact
-
it
-
was
-
the
-
Sadducees
-
that
-
were
-
part
-
of
-
!
-
!
-
!
-
We
-
have
-
such
-
a
-
precious
-
gift
-
in
-
the
-
scriptures
-
if
-
you're
-
not
-
a
-
believer
-
the
-
gospel
-
is
-
in
-
the
-
scriptures
-
the
-
power
-
of
-
God
-
unto
-
salvation
-
if
-
you
-
are
-
a
-
believer
-
oh
-
how
-
we
-
need
-
to
-
hear
-
that
-
story
-
over
-
and
-
over
-
and
-
over
-
again
-
many
-
of the
-
songs
-
we
-
sing
-
on
-
Sunday
-
morning
-
if
-
you're
-
not
-
very
-
familiar
-
with
-
the
-
scriptures
-
you
-
wouldn't
-
know
-
this
-
but
-
many
-
of
-
them
-
are
-
saturated
-
with
-
Old
-
Testament
-
and
-
New
-
Testament
-
quotations
-
just
-
carried
-
through
-
I
-
so
-
often
-
want
-
to
-
preach
-
little
-
sermons
-
in
-
between
-
songs
-
just
-
to
-
tie
-
it
-
all
-
together
-
for
-
you
-
and
-
they
-
talk
-
about
-
our
-
pre-Christ
-
experience
-
the
-
actual
-
conversion
-
and beyond
-
that
-
it's
-
why
-
most
-
hymns
-
we
-
should
-
sing
-
the
-
verses
-
because
-
it's
-
a
-
complete
-
gospel
-
presentation
-
in
-
those
-
things
-
oftentimes
-
first
-
third
-
and
-
fifth
-
just
-
doesn't
-
quite
-
cover
-
it
-
for
-
us
-
and
-
and
-
sometimes
-
I go
-
man
-
this
-
song
-
feels
-
like
-
it's
-
getting
-
really
-
long
-
but
-
if
-
you're
-
really
-
paying
-
attention
-
to
-
the
-
words
-
are
-
so
-
necessary
-
and
-
Wes
-
is
-
so
-
careful
-
to
-
do
-
that
-
for
-
us
-
that
-
we
-
see
-
this
-
entire
-
expression
-
of that
-
in
-
our
-
songs
-
together
-
beloved
-
we need
-
the
-
gospel
-
we need
-
it
-
every
-
day
-
we
-
need
-
to
-
be
-
reminded
-
of
-
God's
-
goodness
-
to
-
us
-
in
-
Christ
-
let's
-
pray
-
!