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  1. Okay, here we go.

  2. Do you know when you're reading, how do you feel?

  3. Let me just ask you, how do you feel when you hear that Genesis 3 account being read?

  4. It's worth thinking about that, though, just reflecting on that.

  5. How does that make you feel?

  6. Because there's something about that account, it's just absurd, isn't it?

  7. Why? Why did you do it?

  8. And there's something about the way that the Bible speaks about sin

  9. that confronts us with that unanswered why question.

  10. We're left thinking, this makes no sense.

  11. It's absurd.

  12. It's anti-rational in every possible way.

  13. And there's something about that in this account in Genesis 3.

  14. It's hugely explanatory of so much of what we experience in this world, of course.

  15. And that's why we're going to spend a little bit of time on it

  16. and just unpack it a little bit further.

  17. What we want to do is just talk a bit about the text

  18. and some of the features of sin and what it is and what it does.

  19. Look at the extent of it.

  20. Think a little bit about why the extent of it,

  21. and talking about that actually paradoxically is good news.

  22. And then think a little bit about some of the cultural factors

  23. in this cultural moment that take aspects of this sin,

  24. this problem, and amplify it

  25. so that we can begin to relate that to this moment that we're living in.

  26. I mean, it doesn't take a genius.

  27. Yes, these are just a bunch of photos of ugliness, really.

  28. It really doesn't take much of a genius

  29. to say that things are not the way that they're supposed to be.

  30. How else do we talk about stuff that goes on in the world?

  31. I think about Only a Stone's Throw from Here

  32. was where I did one of my first ever funerals.

  33. Preached at a funeral

  34. for very dear friends of mine

  35. whose daughter had been born at 26 weeks

  36. and only lasted a matter of a couple of hours after birth.

  37. What do you say in those circumstances?

  38. Tough?

  39. It's always been like this?

  40. These things happen?

  41. Because they do, right?

  42. It has pretty much always been like this.

  43. These things do happen.

  44. Get over it.

  45. I wouldn't recommend that as a preaching strategy

  46. or a pastoral strategy in those kind of situations.

  47. Really, the only thing I could say,

  48. and it was taking that passage from Revelation 21,

  49. was this is not the way it's supposed to be.

  50. It wasn't meant to be like this.

  51. It wasn't created to be like this,

  52. as broken as this.

  53. And therefore, the way that we feel about it,

  54. the anger that we feel,

  55. the indignation at the wrong,

  56. the sorrow, the lamenting,

  57. the howling grief,

  58. is right and proper.

  59. It's a proportionate, proper, right response

  60. to things being broken.

  61. And you know, that response that we have

  62. makes no sense

  63. if things have always just been this way.

  64. This is one of the reasons that,

  65. in fact, the problem of suffering

  66. or the problem of evil

  67. is much more of a problem for the atheist

  68. than it is for the Christian.

  69. Intellectually, it's really hard

  70. to give an account

  71. of why we should have a problem with it

  72. if there is no absolute outside of ourselves,

  73. if there is no way it's supposed to be.

  74. Where on earth does that come from?

  75. Otherwise, it's just,

  76. has always been like this.

  77. Suffering is nature,

  78. red and tooth and claw,

  79. so why should we have a problem with it?

  80. We have a problem with it

  81. because it's not the way it's supposed to be.

  82. It's marred.

  83. It's twisted out of shape.

  84. It's, and this is to use Augustine's picture,

  85. it is humankind curved in upon itself.

  86. Think about that as a way of thinking

  87. about what sin is,

  88. just for a second or two.

  89. I'm going to focus very much

  90. on the concept here of autonomy.

  91. Autonomy, a word that's used

  92. frequently in our cultural context,

  93. but autonomos, self-law.

  94. You know, we decide ourselves.

  95. We're in charge ourselves.

  96. So the key concept I want us to get a hold of,

  97. and it's almost certainly

  98. where we're going to go tomorrow

  99. in the morning,

  100. is that at the heart of the way

  101. that the Bible's seeing this,

  102. is that if you like,

  103. life is intended to have God himself

  104. on the throne and ruling,

  105. and us on his behalf

  106. reflecting that good reign and rule

  107. to those around about us.

  108. And that this gets disordered

  109. when we throw God off,

  110. when we push him aside,

  111. and when we push him aside

  112. and take his place on that seat,

  113. on that throne instead,

  114. this autonomy, this,

  115. as Augustine then said,

  116. self-curved in upon self.

  117. Instead of loving God and loving others,

  118. we curve in instead.

  119. That idea then of autonomy,

  120. of this thrusting of God aside,

  121. and the putting of ourselves in place,

  122. is exactly what we're seeing

  123. in this account in Genesis.

  124. The temptation to the woman,

  125. it starts with what?

  126. Did God really say?

  127. Question about his word.

  128. How, by the way,

  129. was Eve to know what God had said?

  130. If you read through the,

  131. we didn't read it this morning,

  132. but if you read through Genesis 2,

  133. you'll see Adam created first,

  134. and God's mandate,

  135. God's instructions to Adam

  136. about where he's not to eat

  137. are given before Eve is created

  138. in that account in Genesis 2.

  139. So how's she meant to know

  140. what she can and can't eat?

  141. Because Adam's meant to tell her, right?

  142. And so if she gets it wrong,

  143. at least in part,

  144. we can ask whose fault is that?

  145. And where is Adam, by the way,

  146. when she's being tempted?

  147. Did you notice that

  148. as we read that?

  149. It's right there with her.

  150. Right there with her.

  151. Like a big numpty saying nothing,

  152. if you like.

  153. It's fascinating.

  154. But the temptation,

  155. did God say a doubt

  156. about God's goodness?

  157. Is God really good?

  158. Can you really trust him?

  159. As one of the Puritan authors said,

  160. that in every sin,

  161. there is atheism.

  162. In every sin,

  163. there is a doubt about God

  164. and his goodness.

  165. And really, that's the case.

  166. It's a question.

  167. Is he good enough that I can trust?

  168. But the temptation goes beyond that for Eve.

  169. It goes beyond that to,

  170. if you eat this,

  171. you will be like God.

  172. Fundamentally,

  173. we see in Genesis 3

  174. a rejection of creatureliness,

  175. a rejection of our place in creation

  176. as creatures under the Creator,

  177. given a place and a task,

  178. a mandate,

  179. a glorious gift of life

  180. as creatures.

  181. And the temptation,

  182. no, no, no,

  183. you can be like God.

  184. A rejection of creatureliness.

  185. Now,

  186. we might say,

  187. given the creation account

  188. that we've just read earlier on,

  189. that when we reject creatureliness,

  190. we shouldn't expect things to go well.

  191. And indeed, they don't.

  192. They really don't.

  193. I wonder if there's been

  194. a cultural moment

  195. when creatureliness

  196. has been more rejected

  197. at a cultural,

  198. at a societal level

  199. than it is being right now.

  200. You know,

  201. when we have,

  202. for example,

  203. just to take

  204. one controversial example,

  205. primary school kids

  206. being told

  207. how you feel

  208. about yourself inside,

  209. that,

  210. well,

  211. you know yourself best,

  212. that defines reality.

  213. And whatever you feel about that,

  214. that's true.

  215. But there's a rejection

  216. of the givenness

  217. of creatureliness,

  218. that there's things

  219. we don't get to decide

  220. because we're creatures,

  221. not the creator.

  222. So,

  223. this account then

  224. is hugely explanatory

  225. of so much

  226. of what we then see

  227. in our life

  228. and in our culture right now.

  229. There is a rebellion

  230. in Genesis 3.

  231. It is rooted

  232. in a doubt

  233. of God's goodness.

  234. If we don't believe

  235. that God is good,

  236. why on earth

  237. would we want to obey Him?

  238. Why would we want

  239. to be in that position?

  240. I mean,

  241. you know,

  242. obedience that is just

  243. sort of a white-knuckle

  244. determination

  245. to do it right

  246. because I'm scared

  247. of the consequences.

  248. Augustine had something

  249. fascinating to say

  250. about that.

  251. He said,

  252. obedience to the law

  253. that is rooted

  254. in fear of punishment

  255. is not obedience

  256. at all,

  257. he said,

  258. because it's done

  259. in a spirit

  260. of servitude

  261. instead of a spirit

  262. of sonship.

  263. You're doing it

  264. like a slave

  265. instead of a child.

  266. And the reason

  267. that's important

  268. is the idea

  269. we introduced

  270. in the last session

  271. that the human mandate

  272. is to represent

  273. the character of God.

  274. When you see,

  275. and this is

  276. the mandate

  277. then for the church,

  278. the vocation

  279. of the church

  280. is then to present

  281. to the world

  282. who God is

  283. and what He's like.

  284. And if our obedience

  285. is out of a spirit

  286. of servitude,

  287. of slavery,

  288. we are saying

  289. our master

  290. is a slave driver

  291. instead of saying

  292. we are loved children

  293. and our master

  294. is the loving Father.

  295. so that how we then

  296. relate to Him,

  297. whether we believe

  298. His goodness

  299. or not,

  300. to be captured

  301. by the goodness of God,

  302. there is nothing

  303. more important

  304. we could say.

  305. We see the curses,

  306. the effects

  307. of sin

  308. in that account

  309. that we read.

  310. I want to say one thing

  311. about one of the bits

  312. of translation there

  313. where it speaks

  314. of the curse

  315. on the woman.

  316. Your desire will be

  317. for your husband

  318. and he will rule over you.

  319. It's a fascinating

  320. little bit there

  321. because the Hebrew term

  322. for your desire

  323. for your husband

  324. only occurs one other place

  325. in the whole of the Hebrew Bible

  326. and that's in Genesis 4

  327. and it's about sin

  328. crouching at the door

  329. desiring to master you.

  330. In other words,

  331. I think,

  332. I think,

  333. maybe a better way

  334. of that,

  335. it's not,

  336. in other words,

  337. it's not a text

  338. about sexual desire.

  339. it's a text

  340. about somehow

  341. the relationships

  342. between the sexes

  343. being broken

  344. and being competitive

  345. where they're not

  346. meant to be competitive.

  347. I think that's

  348. something of what's

  349. going on there.

  350. But everything

  351. is spoiled.

  352. Work is spoiled.

  353. Labor is spoiled.

  354. Everything

  355. is frustrated

  356. and the whole

  357. of creation

  358. is affected

  359. by it.

  360. we're designed

  361. for that intimate

  362. presence with God

  363. doing meaningful work

  364. and yet,

  365. how does it feel

  366. for most of us

  367. most of the time?

  368. We could say

  369. that what happens

  370. in that account

  371. in Genesis 3

  372. is a fourfold

  373. disruption

  374. of relationship.

  375. And I'm just going

  376. to put them all out there

  377. so you can see them

  378. all at once.

  379. First of all,

  380. and obviously,

  381. there is a disruption

  382. of relationship

  383. with God himself.

  384. I mean,

  385. that's obvious

  386. because the first thing

  387. they do,

  388. having wanted to know

  389. as God knows,

  390. and by the way,

  391. just as a little aside,

  392. a little sort of

  393. philosophical aside,

  394. we don't know

  395. as God knows.

  396. We know as creatures

  397. to whom God reveals.

  398. And that,

  399. by the way,

  400. is just huge implications

  401. for how we think

  402. about knowledge

  403. and some of the ways

  404. in which we've gone wrong

  405. in society.

  406. If anyone's talked

  407. about that later,

  408. delighted to do so.

  409. But that relationship

  410. with God

  411. is broken,

  412. is disrupted.

  413. The first thing

  414. they do is to hide

  415. from God

  416. in the garden

  417. when he comes

  418. to walk with them

  419. in the garden.

  420. But to hide

  421. from God

  422. and then

  423. to hide

  424. from each other,

  425. to cover up,

  426. because the end

  427. of Genesis 2

  428. says that the man

  429. and the woman

  430. were naked

  431. and had no shame.

  432. It's a beautiful picture.

  433. Absolutely beautiful picture.

  434. And, of course,

  435. it's not just the idea

  436. of physical nakedness.

  437. It's the idea

  438. of relationship

  439. in which there is no shame.

  440. Think about this

  441. for a second

  442. as a slight aside,

  443. but I think it's important.

  444. Where do you look

  445. when you feel ashamed?

  446. Where do your eyes go?

  447. Down.

  448. Right.

  449. You look down.

  450. Okay.

  451. The Hebrew expression,

  452. and this is fascinating,

  453. and it relates

  454. to the story

  455. I told at the beginning.

  456. My last conversation

  457. with my father

  458. just five days

  459. before he died

  460. in a plane crash.

  461. It's another story.

  462. I wrestled with him

  463. to get him

  464. to look me in the eye

  465. so that I could bless him

  466. and tell him

  467. that I loved him

  468. and I was proud of him.

  469. And finally,

  470. it's like,

  471. look me in the eye.

  472. It was a real wrestle

  473. and my mother was

  474. getting nervous

  475. in the background.

  476. Look me in the eye.

  477. You need to hear this.

  478. I am unreservedly proud of you.

  479. And he looked me in the eye

  480. and he accepted it.

  481. Just after that,

  482. I was preaching

  483. through Malachi.

  484. The Hebrew idiom

  485. in Malachi

  486. for God accepting us

  487. is,

  488. will God lift the face?

  489. Think about that

  490. just for a second.

  491. But the answer

  492. to shame

  493. is a lifting

  494. of the face.

  495. Think about

  496. the Aaronic blessing.

  497. Lord,

  498. that Yahweh

  499. bless you

  500. and keep you

  501. and make his face

  502. shine upon you.

  503. This idea

  504. of face-to-face

  505. is an incredibly

  506. rich biblical idea

  507. and God's acceptance

  508. of the shamed one

  509. to lift the face

  510. and to look

  511. and to confer

  512. blessing

  513. and honor

  514. and dignity.

  515. And what happens here

  516. is the eyes

  517. go down

  518. because they hide.

  519. They hide from God

  520. so relationship

  521. is disrupted

  522. with him.

  523. They hide from each other.

  524. Relationship

  525. is disrupted

  526. with each other

  527. and they lie

  528. about it

  529. so they're actually

  530. introducing

  531. a disintegration

  532. in themselves.

  533. They're actually,

  534. their relationship

  535. with themselves

  536. at that point

  537. when they're lying

  538. about it

  539. is also fractured.

  540. And then we see

  541. with the result

  542. of the curses

  543. that the relationship

  544. with the whole of creation

  545. is also adversely affected.

  546. Fourfold disruption

  547. of relationship

  548. that kind of explains

  549. pretty much everything

  550. that we experience

  551. day by day

  552. in the frustration

  553. of living.

  554. Broken relationship

  555. with God,

  556. with self,

  557. with others,

  558. and with the creation itself.

  559. That's the effects

  560. of wanting

  561. to be like God.

  562. Rejecting

  563. our creatureliness.

  564. So that's Genesis 3.

  565. That's the account of it.

  566. And at the heart of it

  567. is this autonomy.

  568. I will be like God.

  569. I will be in charge.

  570. I always think

  571. about my daughter.

  572. She's now 30.

  573. Actually,

  574. she's still like this.

  575. It's not just

  576. when she was little.

  577. It would be,

  578. I do it myself.

  579. I do it myself.

  580. And then,

  581. you know,

  582. 10 minutes later,

  583. whatever.

  584. Dad,

  585. help.

  586. She's still at that

  587. at 30,

  588. which is slightly concerning.

  589. But anyway,

  590. autonomy.

  591. I do it myself.

  592. I be at the center

  593. because I can't trust

  594. anybody else to do so.

  595. I need to be at the center

  596. to arrange my life,

  597. my circumstances,

  598. my relationships,

  599. everything around me.

  600. It all exists

  601. to serve

  602. my comfort,

  603. my security,

  604. and my pleasure.

  605. That's the call

  606. of autonomy.

  607. And fundamentally,

  608. this is what I want us

  609. to grasp,

  610. is that that's a rejection

  611. of creatureliness.

  612. It's putting ourselves

  613. in the place

  614. of God himself

  615. who's the one

  616. who guarantees

  617. to meet those needs

  618. for us.

  619. And when we reject

  620. that creatureliness,

  621. we shouldn't expect

  622. things to go well.

  623. Why is this good news?

  624. Because it doesn't sound

  625. very much like good news,

  626. does it?

  627. But the universality

  628. of it actually

  629. is good news.

  630. I'm just going to skim

  631. through this

  632. next section.

  633. But it's good news

  634. for this reason.

  635. It is a universal

  636. diagnosis.

  637. And that means

  638. that there's nobody

  639. here

  640. who is not

  641. infected by this.

  642. This doesn't mean

  643. that all of us

  644. are as bad

  645. as we could be,

  646. but it does mean

  647. that every part

  648. of every single

  649. one of us

  650. is infected

  651. by this same

  652. disease,

  653. this same

  654. bent

  655. towards autonomy,

  656. this same

  657. curving in on ourselves

  658. instead of loving God

  659. and loving others,

  660. trying to get

  661. what we can

  662. from the world

  663. to make our lives

  664. work.

  665. This desperate

  666. attempt

  667. to construct

  668. identity

  669. for ourselves,

  670. to answer those

  671. questions on our

  672. own terms.

  673. We're all

  674. infected by it.

  675. And the thing

  676. about that is

  677. that if we're

  678. all infected

  679. by it,

  680. then one of the

  681. things this means

  682. is that there

  683. is nobody

  684. here who is

  685. any worse

  686. than anybody

  687. else.

  688. Which means

  689. that if you're

  690. sitting feeling

  691. crushed by your

  692. sin,

  693. and you look

  694. around and you

  695. make that

  696. cardinal error

  697. of comparing

  698. how you feel

  699. outside,

  700. inside,

  701. to how others

  702. look outside,

  703. do you know

  704. that mistake

  705. that you can

  706. make?

  707. Well,

  708. they look like

  709. they're sorted

  710. and together

  711. and that life

  712. is fine,

  713. but I know

  714. how I feel

  715. internally.

  716. It's a big

  717. mistake we all

  718. make is comparing

  719. those two,

  720. but it's not

  721. a fair comparison.

  722. But if you're

  723. sitting and you're

  724. thinking,

  725. well,

  726. these people

  727. clearly don't

  728. sin the way

  729. that I do,

  730. don't struggle

  731. the way I do,

  732. this is good news

  733. because it's saying,

  734. no, no,

  735. actually,

  736. we're exactly

  737. the same.

  738. The ground is

  739. level or we're

  740. all in the same

  741. boat,

  742. whatever metaphor

  743. you want to

  744. use there.

  745. But if you're

  746. also sitting here

  747. and you're

  748. thinking,

  749. well,

  750. I'm pleased

  751. with yourself

  752. because you've

  753. done pretty well

  754. in life and

  755. you've sorted

  756. things out,

  757. you've achieved

  758. and you're

  759. a jolly nice

  760. person,

  761. well,

  762. there's news

  763. here that also

  764. levels the field

  765. for you because

  766. you're in exactly

  767. the same boat

  768. as everybody

  769. else.

  770. So the wonderful

  771. thing about this

  772. is it's actually

  773. incredibly leveling,

  774. though none of

  775. us as sinful

  776. as we could

  777. be,

  778. we're all

  779. infected.

  780. One of the

  781. things this

  782. does then is

  783. to free us

  784. from our

  785. pride.

  786. There's nothing

  787. to be proud

  788. of,

  789. we're all

  790. on the same

  791. level.

  792. One of the

  793. things that

  794. was said to

  795. me,

  796. I remember

  797. it vividly,

  798. I was a

  799. medical student

  800. at the time,

  801. I was at

  802. the Christian

  803. Medical

  804. College

  805. Conference

  806. in

  807. Creef

  808. and I

  809. was boasting

  810. to this

  811. Chinese

  812. medical

  813. student

  814. about my

  815. own commitment

  816. to God

  817. and how I

  818. was so much

  819. more committed

  820. than these

  821. other guys

  822. who didn't

  823. take it

  824. seriously

  825. as I

  826. did.

  827. And he

  828. said one

  829. thing to

  830. me,

  831. he said,

  832. Mark,

  833. the ground

  834. is level

  835. at the

  836. foot of

  837. the cross,

  838. thereby

  839. chopping my

  840. legs from

  841. under me

  842. in a

  843. wonderfully

  844. merciful

  845. moment.

  846. The ground

  847. is level.

  848. There's no

  849. one better,

  850. no one

  851. worse.

  852. No reason

  853. to feel

  854. better than

  855. your brother

  856. or sister,

  857. no reason

  858. to feel

  859. worse.

  860. than your

  861. brother

  862. and sister,

  863. but instead

  864. to be

  865. shoulder to

  866. shoulder with

  867. brothers and

  868. sisters,

  869. because we

  870. are all

  871. struggling with

  872. the same

  873. thing.

  874. That means

  875. then,

  876. and this is

  877. lovely,

  878. there is no

  879. space for

  880. self-righteousness.

  881. How can

  882. people who are

  883. so infected

  884. with this

  885. particular disease

  886. feel proud of

  887. the stuff that

  888. we've done,

  889. feel that we've

  890. managed to

  891. arrange our

  892. lives in

  893. such a way

  894. as to

  895. establish our

  896. own

  897. righteousness?

  898. That too

  899. is an

  900. autonomous

  901. rejection of

  902. creatureliness.

  903. Have you

  904. ever thought

  905. about self-righteousness

  906. as a rejection

  907. of creatureliness?

  908. But it is.

  909. It's exactly

  910. what it is.

  911. This also

  912. frees us to

  913. face reality.

  914. We don't

  915. need to

  916. pretend that

  917. things are

  918. different to

  919. what they

  920. are.

  921. We don't

  922. need to

  923. kid on that

  924. we're sorted

  925. and together.

  926. One of the

  927. things that

  928. has so

  929. blighted

  930. the church

  931. and especially

  932. in this land

  933. and I now

  934. live in the

  935. highlands

  936. and boy

  937. it's kind

  938. of off the

  939. scale that

  940. has been

  941. historically

  942. there

  943. is this

  944. kind of

  945. pretense

  946. that somehow

  947. maturity

  948. as a

  949. Christian

  950. looks like

  951. not having

  952. any troubles

  953. anymore,

  954. not having

  955. any struggles,

  956. being free

  957. from sin.

  958. You have

  959. this absurdity

  960. of a view

  961. of Christian

  962. leadership

  963. that says

  964. something like

  965. let me tell

  966. you how

  967. much you

  968. need Jesus

  969. whilst I

  970. show you

  971. how little

  972. I need

  973. him myself.

  974. A false

  975. view,

  976. an utter

  977. lie

  978. that says

  979. I'm sorted

  980. and together

  981. and I don't

  982. have any

  983. issues and

  984. troubles and

  985. struggles anymore.

  986. No,

  987. this doctrine

  988. is wonderfully

  989. leveling.

  990. It brings

  991. us all to

  992. the same

  993. place as

  994. brothers and

  995. sisters before

  996. the same

  997. God

  998. desperate

  999. and this

  1000. is the

  1001. thing,

  1002. it makes

  1003. us look

  1004. outside

  1005. ourselves.

  1006. We can't

  1007. fix this

  1008. ourselves.

  1009. It forces

  1010. us, once

  1011. we begin to

  1012. understand this

  1013. doctrine of

  1014. sin rightly,

  1015. it forces us

  1016. to look

  1017. outside of

  1018. ourselves to

  1019. the answer,

  1020. to look to

  1021. God to

  1022. say,

  1023. have mercy

  1024. on me.

  1025. Would you

  1026. do something

  1027. about this?

  1028. And it

  1029. frees us

  1030. from any

  1031. attempts to

  1032. fix it

  1033. ourselves.

  1034. us.

  1035. And that's

  1036. good news.

  1037. Really,

  1038. really briefly,

  1039. just in

  1040. passing,

  1041. it's not

  1042. just pretending

  1043. about sin

  1044. not being

  1045. there that's

  1046. a problem.

  1047. We need

  1048. to be

  1049. willing to

  1050. talk about

  1051. it appropriately.

  1052. It's also

  1053. our naivety

  1054. about it.

  1055. I've just

  1056. finished editing

  1057. a book on

  1058. the misuse of

  1059. power in the

  1060. church,

  1061. which is a

  1062. pretty sobering

  1063. subject.

  1064. But there's

  1065. one whole

  1066. chapter that a

  1067. friend of mine

  1068. wrote on

  1069. evangelical

  1070. naivety about

  1071. sin.

  1072. We don't

  1073. think it

  1074. can happen

  1075. here.

  1076. Do we

  1077. really think

  1078. that any

  1079. of us is

  1080. incapable of

  1081. any particular

  1082. sin?

  1083. Being free

  1084. to face it

  1085. and talk

  1086. about it,

  1087. not be

  1088. naive about

  1089. it,

  1090. because it's

  1091. in being

  1092. naive about

  1093. it we allow

  1094. really dark

  1095. things and

  1096. especially abuse

  1097. to flourish.

  1098. That's just a

  1099. side note in

  1100. passing.

  1101. So we might

  1102. say as we

  1103. think about

  1104. this,

  1105. who am I?

  1106. This framework,

  1107. remember that

  1108. creation,

  1109. fall,

  1110. redemption,

  1111. and new

  1112. creation?

  1113. We're kind

  1114. of covering

  1115. creation,

  1116. fall,

  1117. we've talked

  1118. a bit about

  1119. new creation,

  1120. redemption,

  1121. we'll talk

  1122. about more

  1123. tomorrow,

  1124. although it's

  1125. kind of woven

  1126. through everything

  1127. that we're

  1128. saying.

  1129. We're created

  1130. image bearers,

  1131. but also we're

  1132. sinful rebels.

  1133. The Bible's

  1134. very clear on

  1135. this one.

  1136. And we'll

  1137. talk more

  1138. about the

  1139. fact that we

  1140. become children

  1141. known intimately

  1142. and part of

  1143. an entity

  1144. that has a

  1145. purpose in

  1146. the world.

  1147. Let me ask

  1148. this then,

  1149. as we think

  1150. about this.

  1151. When you're

  1152. asking this

  1153. question,

  1154. just take

  1155. these questions

  1156. and we can

  1157. maybe come

  1158. back to

  1159. them.

  1160. The serpent

  1161. comes to Eve

  1162. and tempts

  1163. her with,

  1164. did God

  1165. really say?

  1166. And whispers

  1167. lies to her.

  1168. The tempter

  1169. is described

  1170. in various

  1171. other parts

  1172. of scripture

  1173. as the

  1174. devil,

  1175. which is

  1176. an anglicization

  1177. of the Greek

  1178. diabolos,

  1179. which means

  1180. the slanderer.

  1181. The slanderer,

  1182. the one who

  1183. tells lies to

  1184. destroy or the

  1185. accuser.

  1186. It's just

  1187. worth asking,

  1188. what other

  1189. voices do you

  1190. listen to

  1191. that answer

  1192. the question,

  1193. who am I?

  1194. Who are you?

  1195. What answers

  1196. that voice in

  1197. your head,

  1198. that question

  1199. in your head?

  1200. So what other

  1201. voice is speaking

  1202. there?

  1203. You know,

  1204. I've already

  1205. shared a bit

  1206. of my own

  1207. story,

  1208. so things

  1209. like being

  1210. told,

  1211. yeah,

  1212. you're an

  1213. intelligent

  1214. idiot,

  1215. it's really

  1216. helpful,

  1217. stupid,

  1218. you look in

  1219. the mirror,

  1220. the voices

  1221. that are

  1222. telling you,

  1223. what are they

  1224. saying about

  1225. you?

  1226. How does

  1227. that make

  1228. you feel?

  1229. And there's

  1230. a fourth

  1231. question,

  1232. what do

  1233. you do

  1234. with that?

  1235. How do

  1236. you answer

  1237. the who

  1238. am I

  1239. question?

  1240. What pain

  1241. does it

  1242. cause you

  1243. and what

  1244. are you

  1245. taking for

  1246. the pain

  1247. is a really

  1248. great way

  1249. of understanding

  1250. how we

  1251. function as

  1252. human persons.

  1253. Let me

  1254. say a few

  1255. things as

  1256. time,

  1257. as we

  1258. hurtle in

  1259. this train

  1260. towards the

  1261. buffers at

  1262. the end of

  1263. the station.

  1264. Autonomy

  1265. and identity.

  1266. Let's just

  1267. add in a few

  1268. cultural factors.

  1269. So I'm

  1270. saying something

  1271. that's a

  1272. core idea.

  1273. Autonomy

  1274. is a

  1275. problem.

  1276. It's in

  1277. fact the

  1278. problem involved

  1279. in this

  1280. rejection of

  1281. creatureliness and

  1282. we live in a

  1283. cultural moment

  1284. that takes

  1285. that and

  1286. amplifies it

  1287. to the

  1288. nth degree,

  1289. to a degree

  1290. that's perhaps

  1291. never been

  1292. seen quite in

  1293. the same way

  1294. historically.

  1295. This cultural

  1296. moment that

  1297. speaks much

  1298. about identity

  1299. but defines

  1300. identity in

  1301. terms of

  1302. internal state

  1303. or feeling

  1304. rather than

  1305. something that

  1306. is given to

  1307. us, something

  1308. that is chosen.

  1309. Now there's a

  1310. real danger

  1311. actually for

  1312. many Christians

  1313. to talk about

  1314. well yeah

  1315. you've got your

  1316. identity in that

  1317. but I've got my

  1318. identity in

  1319. Christ.

  1320. There's a

  1321. similar problem

  1322. because it's

  1323. still placing

  1324. you as the

  1325. one who

  1326. chooses,

  1327. as the

  1328. autonomous

  1329. chooser and

  1330. I'm just

  1331. choosing the

  1332. best product

  1333. out there

  1334. off the

  1335. shelf.

  1336. rather than

  1337. an inferior

  1338. one.

  1339. No, and

  1340. this is what

  1341. we will come

  1342. to tomorrow,

  1343. Jesus' call

  1344. to discipleship

  1345. dethrones the

  1346. autonomous self

  1347. completely.

  1348. But the

  1349. culture is

  1350. encouraging that

  1351. sort of

  1352. autonomy, a

  1353. rejection of

  1354. creatureliness,

  1355. you decide how

  1356. you feel and

  1357. on the basis

  1358. of that, that's

  1359. reality.

  1360. I don't think

  1361. it's uncontroversial

  1362. to say that's

  1363. something that's

  1364. being massively

  1365. encouraged through

  1366. our culture,

  1367. through our

  1368. education system.

  1369. through many of

  1370. our news and

  1371. entertainment media

  1372. as well.

  1373. Alongside that,

  1374. there's this

  1375. loss of

  1376. absolutes.

  1377. And I'm

  1378. hesitant in

  1379. saying this

  1380. because although

  1381. there is a

  1382. kind of a

  1383. denial that

  1384. there's something

  1385. out there that

  1386. defines what is

  1387. right and wrong

  1388. for everybody

  1389. regardless of how

  1390. I feel about it,

  1391. that there are

  1392. such a thing as

  1393. absolute moral

  1394. rights and

  1395. wrongs.

  1396. wrongs.

  1397. There is a

  1398. rejection of

  1399. that.

  1400. If you want

  1401. to really dig

  1402. into this,

  1403. C.S.

  1404. Lewis and the

  1405. Abolition of

  1406. Man is one of

  1407. his most

  1408. important books

  1409. written 80

  1410. years ago and

  1411. just incredibly

  1412. prophetic in

  1413. describing where

  1414. we've got to

  1415. culturally right

  1416. now.

  1417. But the loss of

  1418. the idea that

  1419. there's a right

  1420. and a wrong

  1421. out there that

  1422. doesn't depend

  1423. on how I

  1424. feel, the

  1425. ethics,

  1426. therefore,

  1427. what I decide

  1428. is right and

  1429. wrong,

  1430. isn't just

  1431. about how I

  1432. feel about

  1433. things.

  1434. When I say

  1435. something's

  1436. wrong, I'm

  1437. not just

  1438. saying I

  1439. don't like

  1440. it.

  1441. I'm saying

  1442. there is

  1443. something wrong

  1444. out there.

  1445. Now, that

  1446. loss of being

  1447. able to say

  1448. there's something

  1449. absolutely wrong

  1450. is a real

  1451. problem in

  1452. this rejection

  1453. of creatureliness.

  1454. The enthroning

  1455. of ourselves is

  1456. the ultimate

  1457. arbiters of

  1458. truth and

  1459. right and

  1460. wrong.

  1461. Now, I said

  1462. I'm hesitant

  1463. in saying it

  1464. because nevertheless,

  1465. as created

  1466. image bearers,

  1467. we can never

  1468. really fully

  1469. escape the

  1470. idea that

  1471. there is an

  1472. absolute out

  1473. there.

  1474. Otherwise, why

  1475. would you

  1476. cancel people?

  1477. If it's just a

  1478. matter of

  1479. preference and

  1480. how you feel,

  1481. no, people

  1482. actually really

  1483. do still deep

  1484. down believe

  1485. there are some

  1486. things that are

  1487. wrong for

  1488. everybody all

  1489. the time.

  1490. And when we're

  1491. having conversations

  1492. with them, we

  1493. need to try and

  1494. connect with that

  1495. and recognize

  1496. that.

  1497. We're talking

  1498. about an

  1499. expressive

  1500. individualistic

  1501. culture.

  1502. that the

  1503. worst thing,

  1504. the worst

  1505. sin that can

  1506. be committed

  1507. is to stop

  1508. the individual

  1509. from expressing

  1510. how they feel.

  1511. So there must

  1512. be no law.

  1513. There must be

  1514. no restriction

  1515. and no

  1516. constraint.

  1517. So in an

  1518. expressive

  1519. individualistic

  1520. society,

  1521. shaped by that,

  1522. this is,

  1523. for those who

  1524. want to go into

  1525. that more,

  1526. it really is

  1527. Nietzsche

  1528. via Disney,

  1529. if you like,

  1530. is how we

  1531. end up where

  1532. we are.

  1533. The idea

  1534. that I have

  1535. within me all

  1536. the good that

  1537. needs to be

  1538. expressed and

  1539. anyone stops

  1540. that, that

  1541. that's an

  1542. evil.

  1543. That's the

  1544. evil in the

  1545. world.

  1546. And therefore,

  1547. a God who

  1548. comes along

  1549. with commands,

  1550. that's wicked.

  1551. That's something

  1552. we need to

  1553. reject.

  1554. And in that

  1555. cultural context,

  1556. education then

  1557. becomes,

  1558. instead of

  1559. what education

  1560. has been

  1561. historically

  1562. through the

  1563. centuries and

  1564. millennia,

  1565. education has

  1566. been training

  1567. people to

  1568. love what is

  1569. good and to

  1570. hate what is

  1571. wicked and

  1572. evil.

  1573. A training of

  1574. the desires

  1575. and the

  1576. loves.

  1577. And when we

  1578. don't do that,

  1579. what we end up

  1580. with is

  1581. education as

  1582. propaganda

  1583. instead of

  1584. formation and

  1585. shaping.

  1586. These are just

  1587. some of the

  1588. aspects of our

  1589. cultural moment.

  1590. I suspect folks

  1591. will want to

  1592. talk a wee bit

  1593. more about that

  1594. in questions.

  1595. I hope you do

  1596. because I think

  1597. this is where

  1598. it really starts

  1599. to get gritty

  1600. and real and

  1601. very challenging

  1602. because the

  1603. question is,

  1604. how do you

  1605. relate to that

  1606. in ways that

  1607. are Jesus-like

  1608. without resorting

  1609. to just hating

  1610. it?

  1611. We're living in

  1612. a moment,

  1613. yeah, I

  1614. believe in me.

  1615. How's that

  1616. turning out for

  1617. us?

  1618. It's an

  1619. important question

  1620. to ask in a

  1621. culture that has

  1622. enthroned autonomy

  1623. more than any

  1624. other culture

  1625. ever at any

  1626. point.

  1627. Ironically,

  1628. what we see

  1629. is people who

  1630. are infinitely

  1631. manipulable by

  1632. whoever has the

  1633. levers of

  1634. propaganda and

  1635. information.

  1636. It's a terrifying

  1637. prospect.

  1638. How is it

  1639. turning out?

  1640. It's not well.

  1641. This generation

  1642. of young folks,

  1643. students, folks

  1644. under the age of

  1645. 30, are, of all

  1646. the generations

  1647. that have ever

  1648. been examined

  1649. and measured,

  1650. the most

  1651. depressed, most

  1652. anxious, most

  1653. suicidal, most

  1654. miserable, least

  1655. well-educated,

  1656. etc.

  1657. This isn't

  1658. turning out well.

  1659. And just that

  1660. question of how

  1661. is this going?

  1662. And will more

  1663. of the same,

  1664. but better,

  1665. fix this?

  1666. Silly slide.

  1667. I'm going to,

  1668. well, we're nearly

  1669. at that.

  1670. I'm going to

  1671. finish with this.

  1672. Will I?

  1673. This is from

  1674. 100, oh,

  1675. when's Sartre again?

  1676. 30s, 40s,

  1677. somewhere in

  1678. about there.

  1679. Anyway, it's a

  1680. long time ago,

  1681. but he's writing

  1682. this.

  1683. Whatever happens,

  1684. he says,

  1685. and this is,

  1686. I think,

  1687. sums up this

  1688. moment.

  1689. Whatever happens,

  1690. it's by my

  1691. agency,

  1692. everything must

  1693. happen.

  1694. I am autonomous,

  1695. in other words.

  1696. Even if he let

  1697. himself be carried

  1698. off like an old

  1699. sack of coal,

  1700. he would have

  1701. chosen his own

  1702. damnation.

  1703. He was free,

  1704. free in every

  1705. way,

  1706. free to behave

  1707. like a fool

  1708. or a machine,

  1709. free to accept,

  1710. free to refuse,

  1711. free to equivocate.

  1712. He could do

  1713. what he liked,

  1714. no one had the

  1715. right to advise

  1716. him.

  1717. There would be

  1718. for him no

  1719. good or evil

  1720. unless he brought

  1721. them into being.

  1722. He was alone,

  1723. enveloped in this

  1724. monstrous silence,

  1725. free and alone,

  1726. without assistance,

  1727. without excuse,

  1728. condemned to

  1729. decide,

  1730. without support

  1731. from any quarter,

  1732. condemned forever

  1733. to be free.

  1734. That's how your

  1735. average 15-year-old

  1736. high school student

  1737. in Scotland

  1738. feels right now.

  1739. My wife works

  1740. in a mental

  1741. health support

  1742. charity and she

  1743. hears the

  1744. response to this

  1745. all the time.

  1746. this is a

  1747. catastrophe

  1748. for everybody

  1749. but especially

  1750. for a generation

  1751. that grows up

  1752. believing this,

  1753. rootless,

  1754. foundationless,

  1755. miserable,

  1756. anxious,

  1757. desperate for

  1758. love,

  1759. desperate for

  1760. approval,

  1761. desperate for

  1762. real relationship

  1763. because that's

  1764. what they were

  1765. created for

  1766. and this is

  1767. not the way

  1768. it's supposed

  1769. to be.

  1770. Autonomy

  1771. is not the

  1772. answer.

  1773. it's the

  1774. problem.

  1775. Let me just

  1776. this really

  1777. I mean

  1778. there we go.

  1779. This applies

  1780. to everything

  1781. obviously

  1782. and we can

  1783. maybe tease

  1784. some of this

  1785. out a bit

  1786. more in

  1787. Q&A

  1788. this afternoon.

  1789. And a

  1790. positive place

  1791. to finish.

  1792. The dethroning

  1793. of the

  1794. autonomous self

  1795. then is good

  1796. news and

  1797. that's exactly

  1798. what Jesus

  1799. calls us

  1800. to do.

  1801. Let's pray.

  1802. Father thank

  1803. you.

  1804. This is a

  1805. sobering topic.

  1806. It's deep,

  1807. it's weighty

  1808. and Lord we

  1809. cry out to

  1810. you for a

  1811. generation of

  1812. young people

  1813. who are being

  1814. lied to,

  1815. misled,

  1816. in whom

  1817. the image

  1818. of God

  1819. is being

  1820. defaced.

  1821. And Lord

  1822. we long

  1823. that the

  1824. good news

  1825. that you

  1826. have shown

  1827. to us

  1828. we might

  1829. shine outwards

  1830. as light

  1831. into this

  1832. culture

  1833. that men

  1834. and women

  1835. young men

  1836. and women

  1837. might be

  1838. transformed

  1839. by encountering

  1840. the living

  1841. God

  1842. and might

  1843. be set

  1844. free

  1845. from

  1846. this

  1847. corrosive

  1848. autonomy.

  1849. Have mercy

  1850. on us Lord.

  1851. Would you

  1852. please shine

  1853. your light

  1854. in each of

  1855. our lives

  1856. today

  1857. right now

  1858. on the

  1859. areas in

  1860. which we

  1861. need to

  1862. get off

  1863. that throne?

  1864. If we

  1865. are proud

  1866. Lord

  1867. would you

  1868. humble us?

  1869. If we

  1870. are crushed

  1871. by the

  1872. weight of

  1873. sin

  1874. would you

  1875. let us

  1876. know

  1877. that we

  1878. are

  1879. side

  1880. by side

  1881. with

  1882. brothers

  1883. and sisters

  1884. and that

  1885. you

  1886. in your

  1887. mercy

  1888. would

  1889. save

  1890. and

  1891. forgive?

  1892. Oh Lord

  1893. please be

  1894. with us

  1895. as we

  1896. eat

  1897. together

  1898. now

  1899. and enjoy

  1900. each other's

  1901. company.

  1902. Would you

  1903. guide our

  1904. conversations

  1905. that they

  1906. would be

  1907. up

  1908. building

  1909. to us

  1910. and pleasing

  1911. to you.

  1912. In Jesus'

  1913. name.

  1914. Amen.